Rules of Engagement (ROE) are driven by a mix of legal, military, and political factors. These dimensions can interact and overlap in subtle ways and must be carefully crafted to be easy to apply in combat situations without jeopardizing mission outcome and the warfighter’s right to self-defense. Although trial and error may have sufficed in the past, the growing complexity of conflicts and the...

Risk management comprises four discrete (but related) types of concern: “compensatory” and “prospective” anticipatory management, preparedness and disaster response activities. Preparedness and response strategies are still generally dominant concerns for disaster organizations. Anticipatory risk reduction is far from being generalized and has low social and political saliency. In the present p...

Turkmenistan’s economic performance during the first decade after independence isinteresting because it is an extreme case, regularly ranking last among all the former centrallyplanned economies by transition indicators measuring speed of reform or degree of economicliberalization. This paper analyses the evolution of the economic system and Turkmenistan’seconomic development si...

The economism paradigm consists of five key elements: capitalist market economy; poverty reduction rather than the pursuit of equality; the “economic fertilizer” role of government; a pro-growth political regime and domestic economic stability. Economism is a paradigm of “more or less”, in which individuals with different income can change positions given equality in economic opportunities. Eco...

recent advances in wireless and mobile communications infrastructure are enabling governments to deliver and manage services to citizen efficiently and economically. mobile government provides this ability to governments. this paper presents the ggovernance approach in effective development of mobile government. the objective is reviews(identify and ranking) of public service concept (included:...

The Asia Pacific region, and especially East Asia, has experienced rapid economic integration without the ‘hard politics’ of legally binding economic and political treaties, unlike Europe where integration has been institution-led. The ‘soft politics’ and market-led integration in East Asia set against a background of political tensions and rivalries in key relationships in the region. The pape...

Many countries are in the earliest stage of reforming the care sector. Reformers face challenges as they develop public policy to expand family based care and shrink institutional care. To mention a few: installing the keystone component of care reform - a system to monitor and support children post-institutionalization; enabling children to grow up where they belong, in families; meeting child...

This article empirically evaluates advocacy in low- and middle-income countries as a key tool for raising policy priority and securing high-level decision maker support in eye health. We used a unique data set based on a survey conducted by World Health Organization in 2011 on eye care and prevention of blindness in 82 low- and middle-income countries. The theoretical framework derives from the...

Scholars of political elite behavior have documented a strong link between gender and social policy focus among politicians. In the electoral, legislative, and governmental arena, female politicians give higher priority to social policy matters. While this gender gap is well-documented, it is less well understood. Using measures of campaign issue emphasis as a dependent variable, this paper tes...

We give a non-cooperative and an axiomatic characterization of the Average Lexicographic value (AL-value) on the class of balanced games. The AL-value is a single-valued solution for balanced TUgames. It is defined as the average of lexicographic maximum of the core of the game with respect to all orders on the player set, and it can be seen as a core selection based on the priority orders on t...