The article reflects the burgeoning academic interest in social cleavages and various ways of their politicization. It addresses origins, identification, interpretation also — to a limited extent they can be applied politics. shows that are historical constructs exist time. On other hand, confirm existence real divisions inequalities already present structure. discussed paper are, first all, di...

This article complements analyses of the partisan politicization European Parliament from roll-call votes with an analysis political groups' use parliamentary questions. Questions offer institutional opening for issue and differentiation. Parliamentary groups have incentives to shape EU policies by drawing attention their topics predilection controlling ongoing action. We make a new dataset on ...