Two special applications of ECE radiometry at W7-AS, for measurement of temperature fluctuations and non-thermal electron distributions, are presented. In the first case correlation-radiometry is applied. The fluctuation spectra are found to be composed of two components, a diffusive and a turbulent one, with relative levels of 0.L-2o/". The latter one is discussed in the frame of a turbulent m...

We investigate violations of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem in two classes of trap models by studying the influence of the perturbing field on the transition rates. We show that for perturbed rates depending upon the value of the observable at the arrival trap, a limiting value of the fluctuation–dissipation ratio does exist. However, the mechanism behind the emergence of this value is dif...

In this paper, we consider fluctuation-splitting schemes that can capture an isolated shock over a suitably-oriented single triangular element and also recognize a rarefaction. A particular focus is on the evaluation of the fluctuation (or the cell-residual): a oneparameter-family quadrature rule is employed to evaluate the fluctuation, which endows the fluctuation with a wave recognition capab...

I n this paper, the evaluation of the real exchange rate transfer and the asymmetric transmission of real exchange rate fluctuations to the export prices of food products for the country during the period (2001-2015) was studied using two approaches of PMG and GMM systems. The TGARCH method was used to calculate the real exchange rate fluctuation index and the Markov Switching method was u...

Oscillating discrete autonomous dynamical systems admit multiple oscillatory solutions in the advent of periodic forcing. The multiple cycles are out of phase, and some of their averages may resonate with the forcing amplitude while others attenuate. In application to population biology, populations with stable inherent oscillations in constant habitats are predicted to develop multiple attract...

4 Abstract Gene regulatory networks control the production of the principal functional 5 units (proteins, RNA) in cells. The observation of variability in expression levels 6 within isogenic populations of cells demands an understanding of how this variability 7 changes our understanding of cellular behaviour inferred from bulk measurements. 8 In particular, we focus on simple models of gene ex...

Study results from different geographical areas provide some circumstantial evidences that, when compared to general population, people who later in life develop multiple sclerosis (MS) have a pattern of birth excess in spring and late summer, which may disclose an association with MS-predisposing environmental agents. To identify the presence of season-related cluster of MS birth in Sardinia w...

We have discovered a population of extremely red galaxies at z ≃ 1.5 which have apparent stellar ages of > ∼ 3 Gyr, based on detailed spectroscopy in the rest-frame ultraviolet. In order for galaxies to have existed at the high collapse redshifts indicated by these ages, there must be a minimum level of power in the density fluctuation spectrum on galaxy scales. This paper compares the required...

Recurrent water level fluctuation and submergence of plants are common in riparian zones. Our study objectives were to test the independent and interactive effects of submergence level and fluctuation frequency on a globally important riparian invasive plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment, in which ramets of the plants, obtained from a wetland in...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether the risk of prostate cancer was different according to the pattern of fluctuation in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients undergoing repeat transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). METHODS From March 2003 to December 2012, 492 patients underwent repeat TRUS-Bx. The patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the PSA fluctuation pat...