introduction: control of post thoracotomy pain is particularly important in prevention of post operative respiratory complications. several methods are proposed for control of postoperative pain. cryoanalgesia by freezing of intercostal nerves is able to providing long term pain relief in post operative period which probably results in cutaneous sensory changes. methods: this clinical trial stu...

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of pre-operative and post-operative physical therapy versus post-operative physical therapy alone on pain and recovery of function after total knee arthroplasty. [Subjects and Methods] Fifty patients (18 males and 32 females) ranging in age from 48 to 80 years (mean 63.28, SD 9.44) participated in a 6-week two-arm randomized rater...

BACKGROUND There is an ongoing debate whether opioids when used for intra-operative analgesia may enhance post-operative pain. We studied the effect of two different intra-operative dosings of sufentanil on post-operative morphine consumption, pain and hyperalgesia after cardiac anaesthesia. METHODS Forty-two male patients (age: 48-74 years) undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass graft ...