an integrated model for magnetoencephalography (meg) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) is proposed. in the proposed model, meg and fmri outputs are related to the corresponding aspects of neural activities in a voxel. post synaptic potentials (psps) and action potentials (aps) are two main signals generated by neural activities. in the model, both of meg and fmri are related to t...

Post-synaptic potential (PSP) variability is typically attributed to mechanisms inside synapses, yet recent advances in experimental methods and biophysical understanding have led us to reconsider the role of axons as highly reliable transmission channels. We show that in many thin axons of our brain, the action potential (AP) waveform and thus the Ca++ signal controlling vesicle release at syn...

The rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) is the first central relay in the gustatory pathway. While previous investigations have provided a wealth of information on the pattern of central terminations of gustatory afferent fibers, the morphology of synaptic connections of rNST neurons and responses of second order neurons to taste stimuli applied to the tongue, little is known regarding...

Neurons spike when their membrane potential exceeds a threshold value. In central neurons, the spike threshold is not constant but depends on the stimulation. Thus, input-output properties of neurons depend both on the effect of presynaptic spikes on the membrane potential and on the dynamics of the spike threshold. Among the possible mechanisms that may modulate the threshold, one strong candi...

In a slice preparation of the rat nucleus accumbens (Acb), local electrical stimulation elicited a field potential composed of two negative peaks, followed by a positive wave. The early negative peak was identified as a non-synaptic compound action potential, the late negative peak as a monosynaptic population spike (PS) and the positive wave as a mixture of an excitatory and an inhibitory post...

objective(s):atherosclerosis is chronic inflammatory process triggered by oxidative stress. oxidative stress can increase hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)level, which induce atherosclerosis through the processes such as formation of perivascular adipose tissue (pvat), foam cells, and atherosclerotic plaque. antioxidant is needed to control negative effects of oxidative stress. one source of antioxidant...

Objective(s):Atherosclerosis is chronic inflammatory process triggered by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)level, which induce atherosclerosis through the processes such as formation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), foam cells, and atherosclerotic plaque. Antioxidant is needed to control negative effects of oxidative stress. One source of antioxidant...

The cellular mechanisms that underlie transient synaptic potentiation were studied in visual cortical slices of adult guinea pigs (> or = age 5 wk postnatal). Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) elicited by stimulation of the white matter/layer VI border were recorded with conventional intracellular techniques from layer II/III neurons. Transient potentiation (average duration 23 +/- 3 min, mean +/-...

The LGMD is the major source of visual input from the compound eye to the ipsilateral DCMD. Inactivating the LGMD or hyperpolarizing it, so it no longer spikes, abolishes the response of the DCMD to the visual stimulus. Synaptic transmission between the LGMD and DCMD neurones is chemical. A spike in the LGMD terminals induces a postsynaptic potential in the DCMD dendrites, with a transmission d...

Gustatory stimuli are characterized by a specific hedonic value; they are either palatable or aversive. Hedonic value, along with other psychological dimensions of tastes, is coded in the time-course of gustatory cortex (GC) neural responses and appears to emerge via top-down modulation by the basolateral amygdala (BLA). While the importance of BLA in modulating gustatory cortical function has ...