A novel multicomponent reaction allowing for a one-pot formation of three carbon-carbon bonds has been developed. It is based on in situ generation and anionic dimerization of methylenedithiane and produces a versatile synthetic equivalent of 4-hydroxy-1,3-alkanediones which, among other things, offers expeditious one-pot access to 3(2H)-furanones.

One-pot synthesis of symmetric 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-diynes from iodoarenes and propiolic acid via Sonogashira reaction followed by Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative homocoupling is developed in high yields. Also, this system allows the one-pot synthesis of unsymmetric 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-diynes by cross-coupling of two different 3-substituted propiolic acids.

A novel, one-pot allylboration-Heck reaction of 2-bromobenzaldehydes has been developed for the general and efficient synthesis of 3-methyleneindan-1-ols. Modification of the one-pot procedure to include chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed allylation has allowed the preparation of these building blocks in high enantioselectivity and excellent yields.

BACKGROUND Water deficit (WD) decreases photosynthetic rate (A) via decreased stomatal conductance to CO(2) (g(s)) and photosynthetic metabolic potential (A(pot)). The relative importance of g(s) and A(pot), and how they are affected by WD, are reviewed with respect to light intensity and to experimental approaches. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS With progressive WD, A decreases as g(s) falls. Under l...

A capability to determine the availability of nitrogen in organic amendments is necessary to ensure that such materials will provide sufficient nitrogen to the growing crop and cause minimal environmental degradation. Greenhouse bioassays were used to evaluate N availability of organic by-products, including several employed in the field study of this research. Tall fescue was grown in greenhou...

The sediment of a highly productive lake (Priest Pot, UK) contains the biosynthesised hopanoid bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT) and a series of hopanediols and triols. These polyols represent intermediate stages in the conversion of biologically produced hopanoids to the diagenetic products, hopanes. Two of these geohopanoids, assigned as trishomohopane-32,33-diol and bishomohopane-30,31,32-triol hav...

This paper analyzes extreme co-movements between the Australian and Canadian commodity currencies, and the gold and oil markets respectively, within a multivariate extension of the Hawkes-POT model. The intensity of extreme events in the Australian dollar are influenced by extreme events in gold, while the size of extreme events in the Canadian dollar are driven by extreme events in crude oil. ...

Analysis of social interactions has recently become an important area of economic research, and the focus of researchers in this area has increasingly shifted toward dynamic models. In one recent contribution, Brueckner and Smirnov (2006) analyze the evolution of population attributes in an exceedingly simple model where an agent’s attributes at time t are equal to the average attribute value a...