The United States experienced an unprecedented financial crisis after 2007. This paper analyzes whether retirees had enough wealth built up to weather the financial risks that materialized in the crisis. Financial risks associated with saving for retirement had increasingly shifted onto individuals and away from the public and employers during the decades before the crisis. This growing persona...

This paper explores poverty trends in Romania from 1994 to 1997. It finds no reduction in poverty. Regional and other types of poverty decompositions are presented. The poverty profile relies on tests of stochastic dominance. This approach avoids the problem that poverty comparisons may not be robust to the subjective choice of a poverty line. In addition the use of tests of stochastic dominanc...

BACKGROUND Poverty is widely recognized as a major determinant of poor health, and this link has been extensively studied and verified. Despite the strong evidentiary link, little work has been done to determine what primary care health providers can do to address their patients' income as a risk to their health. This qualitative study explores the barriers to primary care responsiveness to pov...

What is Chronic Poverty? The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is extended duration in absolute poverty. Therefore, chronically poor people always, or usually, live below a poverty line, which is normally defined in terms of a money indicator (e.g. consumption, income, etc.), but could also be defined in terms of wider or subjective aspects of deprivation. This is different from the tra...

This article reports on mean consumption, poverty (all three FGT measures) and inequality during 2004 for rural India using National Sample Survey (NSS) data for the 60th Round. Mean consumption at the national level is much higher than the poverty line. However, the Gini coefficient is higher than in recent earlier rounds. The headcount ratio is 22.9 per cent. Mean consumption, all three measu...

Chapter 7 focused almost exclusively on analysis of poverty at a single point in time. Yet, in a given time period, people may be poor either because they’ve always been poor or because they have suffered a negative shock that temporarily pushed them below the poverty line. With a single cross-sectional survey, it is difficult to separate these two types of poverty even though each may require ...

Poverty is a complex phenomenon. It has multi-dimensional approaches. The existing theories poverty i.e. space time specialty, Human Development Index (HDI), line, Black Economy, are to measure poverty. All the give their different methods and courses in country it concluded that no method provide actual poverty, as all have own limitations drawbacks.

Poverty evaluations differ from welfare evaluations in one significant aspect, the existence of a threshold or reference point, the poverty line. It is therefore possible to build up normative evaluation models in which comparisons are made taking distances from this reference point rather than from the origin to be ethically relevant. This is the case in our model of poverty comparisons over h...

The literature has traditionally approached fuel poverty as a result of poverty. Fuel poor are those households who cannot pay fuel bill and have to live in cold ambient, with grave effects on their health. As fuel poverty is actually considered in poverty’s analysis, there is little discussion about whether homeowners (who own housing wealth and, theoretically, cannot be poor) could suffer thi...

Assessing changes in poverty levels over time is bedevilled by problems in questionnaire design, the choice of the poverty line, the exact timing of the survey and uncertainty about the appropriate cost-of-living deflators. In this paper, we focus on testing the robustness of measured changes in poverty to these common problems, using household panel data collected in rural Ethiopia in 1989, 19...