BACKGROUND There is evidence that CD36 promotes foam cell formation through internalizing oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) into macrophages; therefore, it plays a key role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, CD36 expression seems to be mediated by nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of ...

Inflammation and renin-angiotensin system activity in the brain contribute to hypertension through effects on fluid intake, vasopressin release, and sympathetic nerve activity. We recently reported that activation of brain peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in heart failure rats reduced inflammation and renin-angiotensin system activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucle...

The pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is known to involve cytokines and, in particular, surface adhesion molecules, the expression of which initiates inflammatory cell attachment. It has been suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is an important immunomodulatory factor as well as a regulator of fatty acid. In this study, we investigated the expressio...

BACKGROUND It has been reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and their synthetic ligands have direct effects on pancreatic β-cells. We investigated whether PPAR-γ activation stimulates insulin secretion through the up-regulation of GPR40 in pancreatic β-cells. METHODS Rat insulinoma INS-1 cells and primary rat islets were treated with rosiglitazone (RGZ) and/or ade...

Comprehensive understanding of the precise mode of action/adverse outcome pathway (MoA/AOP) of chemicals becomes a key step towards superseding the current repeated dose toxicity testing methodology with new generation predictive toxicology tools. The description and characterization of the toxicological MoA leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are of specific interest, due to i...

BACKGROUND Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) in the alveolar macrophages (AM) by selective synthetic PPAR γ ligands, improves the ability of the cells to resolve inflammation. In birds, respiratory macrophages are known as free avian respiratory macrophages (FARM) and show distinct functional differences from AM. The effects of treating FARM with PPAR γ lig...

The DNA methyltransferase-mediated proinflammatory activation of macrophages is causally linked to the development of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the role of DNMT1, a DNA methylation maintenance enzyme, in macrophage polarization and AS development remains obscure. Here, we established transgenic mice with macrophage-specific overexpression of DNMT1 (Tg(DNMT1)) or PPAR-γ (Tg(PPAR-γ)) to inve...

To explore the function of PPAR γ in the goat mammary gland, we cloned the whole cDNA of the PPAR γ gene. Homology alignments revealed that the goat PPAR γ gene is conserved among goat, bovine, mouse, and human. Luciferase assays revealed that rosiglitazone enhanced the activity of the PPAR γ response element (PPRE) in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). After rosiglitazone (ROSI) treatment ...

OBJECTIVE Carnitine homeostasis is disrupted in lambs with endothelial dysfunction secondary to increased pulmonary blood flow (Shunt). Our recent studies have also indicated that the disruption in carnitine homeostasis correlates with a decrease in PPAR-γ expression in Shunt lambs. Thus, this study was carried out to determine if there is a causal link between loss of PPAR-γ signaling and carn...

Platelet hyperactivity often occursd in hypertensive patients and is a key factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases including thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, is widely used for hypertension and coronary heart disease therapy. In addition, nifedipine is known to exhibit an antiplatelet activity, but the underlying mechanisms involved rem...