BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Making a limb transiently ischemic has been shown to induce ischemic tolerance in a distant organ. This phenomenon is known as remote ischemic limb preconditioning. We conducted a Phase IB study of remote ischemic limb preconditioning to determine the safety and feasibility of increasing durations of limb ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS Patien...

BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning is an important intrinsic mechanism for neuroprotection. Preconditioning can also be achieved by exposure of neurons to K+ channel-opening drugs that act on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels. However, these agents do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Inhalational anesthetics which easily partition into brain have been shown to pre...

Uniform Auxiliary Space Preconditioning for HDG Methods Elliptic Operators with a Parameter Dependent Low Order Term

In this paper an approach is proposed for preconditioning large general sparse matrices. This approach combines the scalability of explicit preconditioners with the preconditioning eeciency of incomplete factorizations. Several algorithms resulting from this approach are presented. Both the preconditioning eeciency and the cost of applying this preconditioner are tested. The experiments indicat...

THE IDEA THAT EXPOSURE TO sublethal ischemia could confer protection against a subsequent ischemic insult goes back at least as far as 1989, when Miyazaki and Zipes (13) reported that a sequence of four 5-min coronary occlusions reduced the autonomic denervation produced by a subsequent coronary occlusion in dog hearts. This idea rapidly gained popularity, and, in 1994, Kato et al. (10) reporte...

BACKGROUND The protective effects of ischemic preconditioning have been shown to occur in adult hearts of all species studied. We determined whether immature hearts normoxic or chronically hypoxic from birth could be preconditioned, the time window or memory of the cardioprotective effect, and the involvement of the KATP channel. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated immature rabbit hearts (7 to 10 da...

OBJECTIVE Preconditioning with brief intermittent periods of ischaemia is known to provide protection against ischaemic injury. It has been suggested that myocardial ischaemia also activates phospholipase A2, which releases arachidonic acid from phospholipids. In the present study the possible role of phospholipid peroxidation, arachidonic acid and products of the lipoxygenase pathway in cellul...

BACKGROUND Opioid receptors mediate cardiac ischemic preconditioning. Remifentanil is a new, potent ultra-short-acting phenylpiperidine opioid used in high doses for anesthesia. The authors hypothesize that pretreatment with this drug confers cardioprotection. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and the chest was opened. All animals were subjected to 30 min of occlusion of the ...

A right-preconditioning process for linear interval systems has been presented by Neumaier in 1987. It allows the construction of an outer estimate of the united solution set of a square linear interval system in the form of a parallelepiped. The denomination ”right-preconditioning” is used to describe the preconditioning processes which involve the matrix product AC in contrast to the (usual) ...

BACKGROUND The influence of diabetes mellitus on myocardial ischemic preconditioning is not clearly defined. Experimental studies are conflicting and human studies are scarce and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Identify whether diabetes mellitus intervenes on ischemic preconditioning in symptomatic coronary artery disease patients. METHODS Symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease patients w...