BACKGROUND A preconditioning stimulus can trigger a neuroprotective phenotype in the nervous system - a preconditioning nerve lesion causes a significant increase in axonal regeneration, and cerebral preconditioning protects against subsequent ischemia. We hypothesized that a preconditioning nerve lesion induces gene/protein modifications, neuronal changes, and immune activation that may affect...

Preconditioning protects endothelial cells as well as neurons from ischemic injury. In 7-d-old rat pups, ligating the carotid artery 1 h before hypoxia damaged the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere; in contrast, ligating the artery 24 h before hypoxia provided complete neuroprotection. The protective effect of the 24 h artery ligation preconditioning model requires the activation of cAMP response...

The role of A(1) adenosine receptors (A(1)AR) in ischemic preconditioning was investigated in isolated crystalloid-perfused wild-type and transgenic mouse hearts with increased A(1)AR. The effect of preconditioning on postischemic myocardial function, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and infarct size was examined. Functional recovery was greater in transgenic versus wild-type hearts (44.8 +...

BACKGROUND A period of hypothermia before ischemia (hypothermic preconditioning) induces a delayed phase of ischemic tolerance in rat brain. However, whether hypothermic preconditioning induces an acute phase (within a few hours after the hypothermia) of ischemic tolerance remains unknown. This study was designed to determine the time window of the hypothermic preconditioning-induced acute phas...

PURPOSE Recent reports have shown that ischemic preconditioning induces strong protection against retinal damage by subsequent prolonged ischemia and that this protection is mediated by mechanisms involving the adenosine A1 receptor. This study was designed to evaluate quantitatively the effects of ischemic preconditioning on leukocyte-mediated reperfusion injury after transient retinal ischemi...

BACKGROUND Preconditioning with brief periods of ischemia protects the coronary endothelium against acute and chronic reperfusion injury, but the mechanisms of this endothelial protection remain unknown. We hypothesized that preconditioning protects endothelial cells through a decreased production of endothelial adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leading to a...

Background and Purpose—Making a limb transiently ischemic has been shown to induce ischemic tolerance in a distant organ. This phenomenon is known as remote ischemic limb preconditioning. We conducted a Phase IB study of remote ischemic limb preconditioning to determine the safety and feasibility of increasing durations of limb ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods—Patients...

BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced cardioprotection has been reported to be blunted in hyperlipidemic subjects. Dopamine, via its D2 receptor signaling, appears to mimic the signaling cascade involved in myocardial preconditioning and is also involved in the inhibition of hyperlipidemia induced mediators. The present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of D...

BACKGROUND Pretreatment with inhaled anesthetics, including isoflurane, can induce long-lasting cellular protection against ischemia-derived toxicity in multiple tissues, including brain tissue. Metal-regulatory genes, metallothioneins-I/II (MT-I/II), have been shown to protect against oxidative damage in multiple tissues. Furthermore, MT have been found to be differentially regulated in respon...

Ischemic tolerance is a phenomenon in which exposure to a mild preconditioning stress results in resistance to a subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Here we investigated the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the development of ischemic tolerance by using organotypic rat hippocampal slices exposed to 30 min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which leads to selective injury of the CA1 s...