A brief exposure to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane (preconditioning) induces ischemic tolerance in rat brain. However, whether isoflurane preconditioning improves long-term neurological outcome after brain ischemia and the mechanisms for this neuroprotection are not known. Here, we report that isoflurane preconditioning (2% isoflurane for 30 min at 24 h before brain ischemia) reduced brain ...

Activation of glutamate receptors has been proposed as a key factor in the induction of ischemic tolerance. We used organotypic rat hippocampal slices exposed to 30 min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to evaluate postischemic pyramidal cell death in the CA1 subregion. In this model, 10 min exposure to OGD 24 h before the exposure to toxic OGD was not lethal and reduced the subsequent OGD neuro...

BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against subsequent ischemia. Opening of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is a key mechanism of preconditioning. Ketamine blocks KATP channels of isolated cardiomyocytes. The authors investigated the effects of ketamine and its stereoisomers on preconditioning. METHODS Isolated rat hearts (n = 80) underwent 30 ...

Introduction: Ischemic preconditioning mediated by potassium channels is a physiological protective mechanism, . It is hypothesized that Nicorandil, which is a potassium channel activator, could protect the heart via preconditioning. Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 162 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Quem hospital, from Jan2013 to Jan 2...

In this paper a method is proposed for the reduction of vibration of loads carried by planar gantry crane, with hoisting of the load. The proposed method is based on the preconditioning of the inputs to the system by digital filtering the input function. Conventional FIR or IIR filters can be used for the preconditioning approach. Simulation results were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of...

The concept of ischemic preconditioning refers to myocardial protection from ischemia-reperfusion insult by preceding brief ischemic episodes (1). An extensive effort has been made to understand the time frames and underlying mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning because of the potential applicability of this phenomenon in the clinical setting, especially because “preconditioning-mimetic” agen...

Frames which are tight might be considered optimally conditioned in the sense of their numerical stability. This leads to the question of perfect preconditioning of frames, i.e., modification of a given frame to generate a tight frame. In this paper, we analyze prefect preconditioning of frames by a diagonal operator. We derive various characterizations of functional analytic and geometric type...

BACKGROUND Adenosine has been proposed to be an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning. Intracoronary administration of adenosine has recently been shown to mimic the effects of preconditioning in isolated rabbit hearts. However, it is not known whether this agent can duplicate the effects of preconditioning in vivo or in other species. Thus, the first objective of the present study was...

Nonlinear Preconditioning Strategies for Two-Phase Flows in Porous Media Discretized by a Fully Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin Method

N early 3 decades ago, this journal reported the seminal discovery by Murry et al 1 of ischemic precondition-ing, a phenomenon in which several episodes of brief isch-emia followed by reperfusion protected cardiac muscle cells from a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult. Since then, a similar protective effect of ischemic preconditioning has been observed in many organs, including brain, liver,...