BACKGROUND The role of NO in the mechanism of preconditioning is not understood. Therefore, we studied the effect of preconditioning and subsequent ischemia/reperfusion on myocardial NO content in the presence of an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to preconditioning protocols of 3 intermittent periods of rapid pacing or no-flow ische...

background: the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning has been known for many years. since the temporary ischemia in the heart may cause lethal cardiac effects, the idea of creating ischemia in organs far from the heart such as limbs was raised as remote ischemic preconditioning (ripc). we hypothesized that the extension of ripc has more cardioprotective effect in patients undergo...

Hearse, David J., and Fiona J. Sutherland. Catecholamines and preconditioning: studies of contraction and function in isolated rat hearts. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H136–H143, 1999.—The aims of this study were to determine whether 1) like ischemic preconditioning, transient exposure to norepinephrine before ischemia exacerbates contracture during ischemia and 2) protection ...

Ischemic preconditioning describes the increased resistance to myocardial infarction that follows short sublethal periods of ischemia. After the ischemia that triggers preconditioning, there are 2 phases of protection: an early (short-lived) phase termed early or classic preconditioning1 and a late (more prolonged) phase termed late preconditioning or the second window of protection.2 The purpo...

Coles, James A., Jr., Daniel C. Sigg, and Paul A. Iaizzo. Role of -opioid receptor activation in pharmacological preconditioning of swine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284: H2091–H2099, 2003. First published January 23, 2003; 10.1152/ajpheart.00843.2002.—Pharmacological preconditioning with -opioid receptor agonists is proarrhythmic and exerts antipreconditioning effects in rats. In swine, i...

BACKGROUND Preconditioning with volatile anaesthetic agents induces tolerance to focal cerebral ischaemia, although the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly defined. The present study analyses whether TREK-1, a two-pore domain K(+) channel and target for volatile anaesthetics, plays a role in mediating neuroprotection by sevoflurane. METHODS Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were preconditi...

Ischemic tolerance can be induced by numerous preconditioning stimuli, including various Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We have shown previously that systemic administration of the TLR4 ligand LPS or the TLR9 ligand unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide before transient brain ischemia in mice confers substantial protection against ischemic damage. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of pre...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to exert protective effects after ischemic and remote ischemic preconditioning. It is not well understood which EV content factors are most relevant for protective effects. We hypothesize that ischemic preconditioning leads to qualitative changes in EV mRNA content and quantitative changes in EV size and number.Using an in vivo porcine ischemic precondit...

The aim of the present study was to examine and compare the role of the stress-activated protein kinases in ischemic and stretch-induced preconditioning. A model of anesthetized rabbits was used, and the preconditioning protocol included one or three cycles of short ischemia/reperfusion, or short mechanical stretch with acute pressure overload without or with the addition of the stretch blocker...

Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction has been recognized as a leading cause of the high postresuscitation mortality rate. We investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning and activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels on postresuscitation myocardial function. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in 25 Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including me...