Evidence-based treatment for pregnant women will ultimately require research conducted in the population of pregnant women. Currently, few scholars have addressed the issue of responsible inclusion of pregnant women in drug research. Because of additional risks associated with including pregnant women in drug research and the altered ways in which drugs are processed by the pregnant body, pregn...

BACKGROUND The tobacco control community assumes that the most effective interventions are personalized. Nevertheless, little attention is paid to understanding differences between pregnant and non-pregnant European women in terms of the social factors that influence tobacco use and the processes of change used to quit smoking. METHODS The study consecutively enrolled 177 pregnant women who a...

This study investigates dietary behaviour and the perceived role of food for health of pregnant versus non-pregnant women. Data were collected between 15 January 2003 and 15 March 2003 in Belgium. One hundred and forty-eight pregnant and 130 non-pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years completed a self-administered questionnaire about their dietary behaviour and nutritional attitudes. Both s...

there is an increased prevalence of maternal substance abuse during pregnancy in younger women in all socioeconomic classes and races. our aim was to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported substance abuse among pregnant women and obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes in iran. this retrospective cohort study is covering a five year period on medical records of pregnant w...

BACKGROUND Findings on smoking among pregnant women were mostly from high income countries and were rarely from China. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of smoking and its influencing factors among pregnant women living in China. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in this study. Data from pregnant women were collected in this study from June to August 2015 from 5 provi...

OBJECTIVE To assess variations of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) during a 4-week period among pregnant and non-pregnant women in an iodine-replete area. DESIGN Pregnant (in their first trimester of pregnancy) and non-pregnant women referred to two maternity hospitals in Tehran were consecutively recruited from September 2005 to March 2006. Urine samples (5-10 mL) were collected on an ever...

conclusions the determination of serotype and surface proteins of gbs strains distribution would ‎be ‎relevant ‎for the future possible formulation of a gbs vaccine. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 gbs strains isolated from 237 pregnant and 413 non-pregnant women were investigated for molecular capsular serotypes and surface protein genes using the multiplex p...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies during pregnancy in women with diabetes type 1 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS The study group included 83 pregnant women who attended the Outpatient Department of the Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Clinic in the period from 05.2009 t...

asthma and  gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd)  are two  common  problems  in pregnancy and they affect pregnancy in several ways. in this study, we aimed to evaluate gerd and asthma in pregnant women who referred for prenatal care visits. one-hundred  and seventy three  pregnant  women with a complaint of  dyspnea were included in the study. a questionnaire was filled and lung function tes...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the experience of pregnant and non-pregnant HIV-infected women regarding fertility and childbearing, with a view to inform policies and practices to improve reproductive outcome. METHODS A cross-sectional survey collected information on socio-demographic and basic reproductive characteristics of HIV-infected women in Europe. A total of 403 wome...