Introduction Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) are operating in 49 states and several U.S. territories. Current methods for surveillance of prescription drug related behaviors, include the mean daily dosage of morphine milligram equivalent (MME) per patient, annual percentage of days with overlapping prescriptions per patient, and annual multiple provider episodes for multiple contr...

The purpose of the current study is to find theoretical explanations for human substance misuse, specifically focusing on prescription drug misuse by college students. Little empirical research has considered how certain theories predict the likelihood of non-medical prescription drug use. Both Self-Control Theory and Social Control Theory can be applied to explain why college students choose t...

BACKGROUND Prescription drug abuse in Southwest Virginia is a serious problem affecting indi-viduals, families, and communities. The aim of this study was to characterize and understand the extent of the prescription drug abuse problem in Southwest, Virginia as well as the dynamics that surround that abuse. More specifically, the study focused on learning the extent of the problem along with wh...

BACKGROUND Foot orthoses are commonly used for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults. However, there are no clinical guidelines for the prescription of customised foot orthoses that are specific to this population. The aim of this study was to investigate prescription habits of Australian podiatrists for customised foot orthoses for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults and to develop c...

BACKGROUND Reimbursement for outpatient prescription drugs is not mandated by the Canada Health Act or any other federal legislation. Provincial governments independently establish reimbursement plans. We sought to describe variations in publicly funded provincial drug plans across Canada and to examine the impact of this variation on patients' annual expenditures. METHODS We collected inform...

improper drug prescription by physicians due to wrong diagnosis, wrong drug choise or other causes will waste national funds. the annual drug costs in iran is 900 billions rials. with approvement of prescription, it can be reduced to 500 billions rials. effective factors in costs reduction are: 1) increasing medical knowledge and persistent education of physicians. 2) spending more time for eac...

Background: prescribing is the first and foremost component in the process of using drugs. Hence, it is a vital element in rational drug use. The concept of rational prescribing requires that the prescriber follows correct and complete prescription writing. Prescribing errors may have various detrimental consequences. Hence, the components of a prescription should be clearly written, free of dr...

We present a new prescription for the resummation of the divergent series of perturbative corrections, due to soft gluon emission, to hard processes near threshold in perturbative QCD (threshold resummation). This prescription is based on Borel resummation, and contrary to the commonly used minimal prescription, it does not introduce a dependence of resummed physical observables on the kinemati...

OBJECTIVES To describe benzodiazepine and prescription opioid use by clients of drug treatment services and the sources of pharmaceuticals they use. DESIGN Structured face-to-face interviews on unsanctioned use of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids were conducted between January and July 2008. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of treatment entrants who reported regular (an average of ≥ ...

BACKGROUND In randomized controlled trials, short message service (SMS) programs have improved adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). In response, the World Health Organization recommended use of SMS programs to support ART. However, there is limited data on real-world implementations of SMS programs. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of an SMS program to improve ART a...