As cryptographic tokens and altcoins are increasingly being built to serve as utility tokens, the notion of useful work consensus protocols is becoming ever more important. With protocols, users get rewards after they have carried out some specific tasks for network. While in cases proof or service can be provided, majority impossible verify reliably. To deal with such cases, we design “Proof-o...

How closely does stature (reputation) correspond to objective measures of actual performance? In the following article, reprinted from Social Science Quarterly, 1 James A. Christenson, Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, and Lee Sigelman, now dean. Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, compare impact-factor data from the Social Science...

Previous research has argued that occupational prestige is a social fact founded in the collective conscience and perceptions morally grounded. Ideas of strong consensus rest on comparisons compressed mean values, similarity between what an occupation it ought to have not previously been empirically explored. Drawing survey data discrepancy index, present study explores resemblance descriptive ...

This study investigated whether and how imitation of sentences spoken in Liverpool English (LE) and Standard Southern British English (SSBE), affected attitudes related to these accents. LE has low prestige and low social attractiveness, while SSBE has high prestige and high attractiveness. A previous study showed that imitation positively affects social attractiveness, but not prestige, for an...

The propensity to imitation over other forms of learning is one of the major differences between humans and other species and one that has allowed for cumulative cultural evolution. However, imitation alone cannot explain increases of average fitness in human populations. Anthropologists have hypothesized that people do not imitate behaviors from random people; rather, transmission of some cult...