Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass materials from poplar, acacia, oak, and fir with different ionic liquids (ILs) containing 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cations and various anions has been carried out. The dissolved cellulose from biomass was precipitated by adding anti-solvents into the solution and vigorous stirring. Commercial cellulases Celluclast 1.5L and Accelerase 1000 have been us...

given over 30-60 minutes. The patency of infarct-related artery (IRA) is approximately 50-60% while the rate of reocclusion is approximately 5-20%.2,3 Rheumatic fever and streptococcal infection are still prevalent in developing countries, which results in high antistreptokinase (ASK) titer in patients who sustained a previous streptococcal Ahmed M. Abuosa, MD, MRCP, Fawaz Akhras, FRCP, Khaled ...

The objective of this work was to optimize the ultrasound (US) pretreatment of sludge. Three types of sewage sludge were examined: mixed, secondary and secondary after partial methanisation ("digested" sludge). Thereby, several main process parameters were varied separately or simultaneously: stirrer speed, total solid content of sludge (TS), thermal operating conditions (adiabatic vs. isotherm...

In this paper we present a new method based on wavelet thresholding denoise for 2D image compression. The image blocks to be compressed are classified before presenting them to Fuzzy C Means clustering and Kohonen‟s network. We will compare performances of two methods, one compressed with FCM clustering methods [24] and another compressed with incremental self organizing map (ISOM) [27]. The re...

Electroless Ni-P (EN) plating, as an important group of metallic coatings, employed in a wide range of industrial applications. The current work aims to investigate the effects of pretreatment process before EN plating on fatigue behavior of SAE 1045 steel. The specimens of rotating bending fatigue test were prepared from the steel in two series. A group of samples used in as-polished con...

In this study, Populus trichocarpa was subjected to dilute acid pretreatment at varying pretreatment times. The three major components of lignocellulosic biomass, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, were isolated from the starting and dilute acid pretreated poplar. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were utilized to elucidate structural t...

In heat transfer fluids, the carbon residue value is an indicator that provides its relative coking tendency. The micro method widely used because of simple and convenient operation procedures low pollution. However, when less than 0.1%, sample needs to be prepared then tested in furnace. Therefore, this article aims at measurement by fluids method. classified according product type maximum all...

This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the key technical issues in woody biomass pretreatment: barriers to efficient cellulose saccharification, pretreatment energy consumption, in particular energy consumed for wood-size reduction, and criteria to evaluate the performance of a pretreatment. A post-chemical pretreatment size-reduction approach is proposed to significantly reduce mec...

The effects of pretreatment by dilute acid and sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on substrate morphology, cell wall physical and chemical structures, along with the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of lodgepole pine substrate were investigated. FE-SEM and TEM images of substrate structural morphological changes showed that SPORL pretreatment resulted in fib...

ACR Appropriateness Criteria 1 Pretreatment Staging Colorectal Cancer American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria Clinical Condition: Pretreatment Staging of Colorectal Cancer Variant 1: Rectal cancer (small or superficial). Radiologic Procedure Rating Comments RRL* US pelvis endorectal 8 For assessment of level of rectal wall involvement. O CT chest abdomen pelvis with contrast ...