The effect of different extraction methods rosemary leaves on the total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity extracts was herein investigated. Firstly, solid-liquid conventional (CEM) microwave-assisted (MAE) were implemented in an effort to identify solvent microwave irradiation extract quality. obtained from CEM at room temperature, using ethanol/water 95:5 v/v, showed highest (IC...

Slurries of rice-straw cellulose (obtained by delignification and removal of hemicelluloses from the powdered raw material) were subjected to ultrasonic waves at different intensities for various times (constant temperature). Susceptibility of the samples to cellulose-hydrolysis increased initially with pretreatment time, reaching a maximum or a constant level thereafter. Maximum glucose yi...

Photocatalysis has been widely known as a simple green technology to be applied in the synthesis and degradation process of organic molecules. An application photocatalysis biomass pretreatment for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) production was investigated this study. The results have revealed that photocatalysis, during pretreatment, facilitates breakdown cellulose. presence oxidizing agent (...

the effect of short term usage of gnrh antagonist as pretreatment on superovulation in goats was evaluated. statistical analysis was performed using t-test and showed that usage of gnrh antagonist as pretreatment can improve number of recovered embryos (p0.05). this study showed that usage of gnrh antagonist can improve superovulatory response in term of embryo recovery in goats .this study sho...

to assess the effectiveness of ondansetron pretreatment in alleviating propofol injection pain, 135 patients were randomly assigned to one of following three groups. group 1 who received up to 2 ml pretreatment 50 mg tramadol in the saline, group 2 cases who received up to 2 ml pretreatment 4 mg ondansetron in saline, and group 3 who received up to 2 ml solution saline. a 20 gauge cannula was p...

The present study investigates the gastroprotective effect of citalopram, an antidepressant drug. Gastroprotective activity of citalopram (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, bid, po) was evaluated both by single and 14 days repeated pretreatment in the cold restraint stress (CRS) model and 14 days repeated pretreatment in pyloric ligation (PL) model. In addition to ulcer scoring and its histological assessmen...

This study is aimed at investigating the association between the electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment-induced protective effect against early cerebral ischemic injury and autophagy. EA pretreatment can protect cerebral ischemic and reperfusion injuries, but whether the attenuation of early cerebral ischemic injury by EA pretreatment was associated with autophagy is not yet clear. This study use...

Clinical usage of bioprosthetic heart valves (BPHVs) fabricated from glutaraldehyde-pretreated porcine aortic valves is restricted due to calcification-related failure. We previously reported a highly efficacious ethanol pretreatment of BPHVs for the prevention of cuspal calcification. The aim of the present study is to extend our understanding of the material changes brought about by ethanol a...

BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive renewable resource for future liquid transport fuel. Efficient and cost-effective production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass depends on the development of a suitable pretreatment system. The aim of this study is to investigate a new pretreatment method that is highly efficient and effective for downstream biocatalytic hydrolysis of ...

in this study, nf membrane was used for surface water treatment. the rejection of organic material, measured as total organic carbon (toc), by nanofiltration was examined. the effects of application of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination on toc removal are discussed and their performances are compared with the performances of nanofiltraion system without pretreatment process. in nf, natural orga...