background: bilateral neck exploration is the gold standard for parathyroid adenoma localization in primary hyperparathyroidism. but surgeons do not have adequate experience for accurate surgical exploration and new methods are developed for surgery like unilateral exploration and minimally invasive surgery, thus, preoperative localization could reduces time and stress in surgical performance. ...

background : there are only a few reports that exist regarding primary non-hodgkin lymphoma of the genital tract. in this article, one case of primary b-cell type non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) of the cervix is presented. case history: a 45 year-old woman presented bloody vaginal  discharge. upon vaginal examination, the cervix was found to be enlarged. cervical biopsy revealed b-cell type non-hodg...

internationally early intervention programmes for infants and preschoolers with disabilities have proved to be remarkably successful. in many countries, they began with teachers for visually impaired or hearing impaired children visiting the family home to teach parents how they could overcome the child's impairments. the logic of early intervention was inequitable. for example, the sooner...

background: primary immunodeficiency disorders (pid) are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe and recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. objective: to evaluate the demographic and clinical data of pid patients diagnosed in a referral pediatric hospital. method: all pid cases with a confirmed diagnosis,...

the purpose of this study was to compare the anatomic and visual outcome of primary vitrectomy with scleral buckling in patients with retinal detachment following cataract surgery. fifty-six consecutive patients with retinal detachment after cataract surgery were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: standard scleral buckling and standard three-port deep vitrectomy. successful treatment wa...

introduction: the aim of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurial traits of school children in the city of tehran. methods: for this purpose, 48 students were selected with an average iq between 90 and 119. ranging from 7th to 12th grades, all the subjects were assessed using nowicki-strickland’s locus of control scale (n-slcs), torrance tests of creative thinking (ttct), and hyperkinet...

introduction: breakfast is repeatedly called to as the most important meal of the day and has positive effects on nutritional profile, cognitive activities and disease prevention in schoolchildren. the aim of this study was to assess the eating breakfast status in a sample of primary students of ilam city. materials and methods: participants of this cross-sectional study were 298 schoolchildren...

background: pediculosis capitis is a common parasitic infection of children, which has been neglected in many areas as well in shahriar county, tehran province. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among pupils in primary schools of shahriar county. m aterials and methods: this descriptive-analytical study was conducted in shahriar for the period of 2012 t...