Finding ways to enhance employee proactive behavior is a focal concern for academics and practitioners. Previous studies have found a positive association between empowering leadership and proactive behavior (Martin et al., 2013; Li et al., 2017). However, these studies lack elaboration on mechanisms and do not rule out the effect of employees' proactive personality during empirical testing. We...

The aim of this study was to explore interactions between coping style and diet as risk factors for developing insulin resistance in rats. We hypothesized that rats characterized by a passive coping strategy are more susceptible for developing insulin resistance and visceral obesity than proactively coping rats, particularly on a high (45%) fat diet. This hypothesis was tested by comparing 1) i...

This paper focused the conceptualizations of toxic leadership and analyzes relationship between counterproductive work behavior (CWB). The mediating role psychological contract breach was measured behavior, also by analyzing moderating effect proactive personality. selected sample for research comprised 355 nurses serving in public sector Pakistan questionnaire used as a tool. Findings data rev...

The domestic dog has undergone extensive artificial selection resulting in an extreme diversity in body size, personality, life-history, and metabolic traits among breeds. Here we tested whether proactive personalities (high levels of activity, boldness, and aggression) are related to a fast "pace of life" (high rates of growth, mortality, and energy expenditure). Data from the literature provi...

The industrial revolution 4.0 also requires the business world to move more dynamically and forces businessmen in industry faster. Covid-19 pandemic has changed trends of work, it is currently moving towards digitization remote work. Therefore, workers are encouraged continuously improve their skills abilities facing future challenges. One factors that can help companies survive this crisis by ...