This paper assesses user–level QoS (perceptual QoS) of audio–video streaming over wireless ad hoc networks. We employ the method of successive categories, which is a psychometric method, for the user–level QoS assessment. In order to achieve high user–level QoS, we employ link quality–based routing, which takes account of link quality such as signal strength and link utilization level for route...

This article introduces 2 new sources of bias in probability judgment, discrimination failure and inhibition failure, which are conceptualized as arising from an interaction between error prone memory processes and a support theory like comparison process. Both sources of bias stem from the influence of irrelevant information on participants' probability judgments, but they postulate different ...

We propose a framework for learning new target tasks by leveraging existing heterogeneous knowledge sources. Unlike the traditional transfer learning, we do not require explicit relations between source and target tasks, and instead let the learner actively mine transferable knowledge from a source dataset. To this end, we develop (1) a transfer learning method for source datasets with heteroge...

The data reported by Baddeley and Scott (1971) is usually interpreted as showing forgetting in short-term memory in the absence of interference. Given the absence of interference, the cause must be decay. SIMPLE (Brown, Neath, & Chater, 2007), a local distinctiveness model of memory, was able to fit the data quite well with no difference in the parameters for the 3, 5, and 7 item lists (R = 0.9...

In three experiments, we examined the mechanisms by which prior experience with proactive interference (PI) diminished its effects. Cued recall tasks conforming to an A-B, A-D paradigm were used to induce PI effects. Experiment 1 showed that reduced PI was not due to a reduction in attention to the source of PI. Experiment 2 revealed that participants' awareness of PI effects on memory performa...

Recent interest in the benefits of retrieval practice on long-term retention--the testing effect--has spawned a considerable amount of research toward understanding the underlying nature of this ubiquitous memory phenomenon. Taking a test may benefit retention through both direct means (engaging appropriate retrieval processes) and indirect means (fostering directed study). Here the authors rep...

It is often proposed that individuals with high working memory span overcome proactive interference (PI) from previous trials, saving working memory for task-relevant items. We examined this hypothesis in word-list probe recognition. We found no difference in PI related to span. Instead, ex-gaussian analysis of reaction time showed speed advantages for high spans specific to short lists (3 or 4...

We conducted two experiments to examine the influences of stimulus set size (the number of stimuli that are used throughout the session) and intertrial interval (ITI, the elapsed time between trials) in auditory short-term memory in monkeys. We used an auditory delayed matching-to-sample task wherein the animals had to indicate whether two sounds separated by a 5-s retention interval were the s...

In immediate serial recall short words are better recalled than long words. The word length effect has become pivotal in the development of short-term memory models. The current research tests one explanation of the word length effect; that it is related to proactive interference (PI). We report two experiments in which the relationship is directly tested. In the first experiment we show that w...

Product quality control (QC) in manufacturing usually relies solely on inspection. Once a quality problem is found, a solution is sought usually based on experience, which is basically ad hoc. A new generation of QC requires the integration of both quality prediction and inspection. Automotive coating is a typical example. In the paint shop of an automotive assembly plant, topcoat filmbuild qua...