conclusions shedding of l. monocytogenes in different animal species, and different samples are different. due to antibiotic resistance, especially in l. monocytogenes, veterinarians should pay more attention to prescribe antibiotics. we recommend using the real-time pcr for safe, sensitive, and rapid detection of l. monocytogenes in clinical samples, and using the disk diffusion methods to pre...

In this study, we proposed a Regional Probabilistic Risk Assessment (RPRA) to estimate the health risks of exposing residents to heavy metals in different environmental media and land uses. The mean and ranges of heavy metal concentrations were measured in water, sediments, soil profiles and surface soils under four land uses along the Shunde Waterway, a drinking water supply area in China. Haz...

Settlement agreements that require a plaintiff not to disclose or publicize any information about her claim are both common and controversial. Under some conditions, however, a mass tort defendant will rationally choose to discourage such secrecy. A defendant can use publicity to act as a commitment device akin to a most-favored-nation agreement to increase its bargaining power with plaintiffs....

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...

The social complexion of Toronto’s urban landscape has been irreversibly altered since the 1960s as new waves of migrants from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America have replaced traditional white European migrant flows. We examine the very different residential settlement patterns of Toronto’s three largest racial minorities – Blacks, Chinese and South Asians. Unlike previ...

Wooden groin systems on the southwestern Baltic Sea coast are a traditional and important coastal-protection facility, but have been regularly infested and destroyed by the wood-boring bivalve Teredo navalis since the early 1990s. The occurrence of T. navalis was presumed to be limited mainly by the prevailing low salinities. Recently, a possible range expansion of this invasive species to the ...

Captive male dark-eyed juncos from two different aviaries were combined either in one group's original aviary (seven replicates) or in a third aviary (two replicates). These experiments controlled for effects of handling the subjects during transfers between aviaries and, in statistical analysis of the results, took into account constraints on the dominance relationships within combined groups....

After a year and a half of negotiations and failure of an earlier settlement proposal to obtain Congressional approval, the four largest cigarette manufacturers reached a settlement with 46 states over state claims against the tobacco industry on November 23, 1998. According to the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), cigarette manufacturers agreed to pay participating states $206 billion over th...

conclusions safe water supply and adequate sanitation and hygiene are the important routes for the control and prevention of cholera infection. results cholera is a rare disease in industrialized countries; but, is still common in other parts of the world, including the indian subcontinent, sub-saharan africa, and latin and central american countries (like haiti). symptoms begin with a sudden o...

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) have lately come to be widely used in everyday applications. Their usability and capability have attracted the interest of both commercial organizations and research communities. Recently, the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a promising application of MANETs. It has been designed to offer a high level of safety for the drivers in order to minimize a number of...