Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue used in the treatment of various solid tumors. Little is known about how gemcitabine and its metabolites are transported out of cells. We set out to study the efflux of gemcitabine and the possible consequences of that process in cancer cells. We observed the efflux of gemcitabine and its deaminated metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) using high perf...

Abstract Background Cidofovir (CDV) dosing is based on limited clinical evidence and varies by indication. The optimal dose to achieve a virologic response has not been established. Routine lab monitoring, renal adjustments, co-administration with intravenous (IV) fluids probenecid are recommended limit CDV-associated nephrotoxicity but lack standard approach. Methods This was retrospective eva...

Outward and inward permeability of carboxyfluorescein across the blood-retinal barrier were measured fluorophotometrically in seven cynomolgus monkey eyes with experimental rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Probenecid was used to inhibit outward transport of carboxyfluorescein. The outward permeability was 1.98 +/- 0.31 microliter/min in eyes with retinal detachment and 0.84 +/- 0.15 microlite...

Paired specimens of cerebrospinal fluid and serum were taken from 21 patients to estimate penicillin concentrations two to three hours after the last dose of a course of 14-21 daily intramuscular injections of procaine penicillin 0.6 MU. Of 10 patients treated with procaine penicillin alone, eight had no detectable penicillin and two had sub-treponemicidal concentrations (less than 0.018 mg/l) ...

419 patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with sulphamethoxazole 4 g. combined with trimethoprim 0-8 g. divided into two doses with an 8-hr interval. The failure rate was 1-9 per cent. Parallel with this trial, 319 patients received pivampicillin 1-4 g. combined with probenecid 1 g,; the failure rate was 0-9 per cent. Side-effects were few, four patients in the first group and one...

The efficacy and tolerance of single oral doses of cefuroxime axetil (1.5 g) were compared with oral ampicillin (3 g) for treating acute gonococcal urethritis in 110 men and 30 women. Each dose was given with 1 g probenecid. Of the 62 assessable patients who received ampicillin, two failed to respond to treatment. Of 67 assessable patients who received cefuroxime axetil, one failed to respond. ...

A prospective, randomised, single-blind trial was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of minocycline and ampicillin in the treatment of gonorrhoea in men. One hundred and twenty men were treated with minocycline 300 mg and 121 men with ampicillin 2 g and probenecid 1 g. Cure rates were similar in both groups of patients. There were few side effects. Of 135 strains of Neisseria ...