In this paper we introduce an abstract integral which includes both product integrals and additive integrals. Thus our theory of Riemann integration embraces both the product integrals of Volterra [l, 2, 3](2), Birkhoff [3], and Masani [l] and the classical additive integrals of Riemann [l] and Stieltjes [l]. Similarly our theory of Lebesgue integration includes the Lebesgue product integrals o...

Electronic marketplaces, or e-commerce portals, bring together many online suppliers and buyers. Each individual participant can potentially use his own format to represent the products in his product catalog, and mapping between them becomes non-trivial. Complicated products require knowledge-intensive descriptions, or ontologies, and catalog integration shifts to integration of product ontolo...

In this paper, an optimal control of quadratic performance index with nonlinear constrained is presented. The sine-cosine wavelet operational matrix of integration and product matrix are introduced and applied to reduce nonlinear differential equations to the nonlinear algebraic equations. Then, the Newton-Raphson method is used for solving these sets of algebraic equations. To present ability ...

The increasing scope of systems integration poses many challenges for the system integrators. This paper contends that in conventional projects the Systems Integration phase is systematically underestimated. During this phase all unexpected and unforeseen problems surface, where most problems are cross-organizational. When the project size increases with more suppliers, more users, more enterpr...

This paper focuses on the connection between product complexity and vertical integration using original empirical evidence from the auto industry. A rich literature has addressed the choice between internal production and external sourcing of components in the auto industry. More recent literature has developed the concept of product architecture as another choice variable that may be one of th...

Most current research in Component-Based Systems Engineering (CBSE) focuses on design and integration processes. There is little interest in the requirements engineering and product evaluation/selection processes that must precede design and integration. Also most current methods and tools support systems design and integration but neglect the requirements engineering and product evaluation/sel...

In software intensive systems the integration becomes complex since both software and hardware components are integrated and run in the execution environment for the first time. Support for this stage is thus essential. Practices for Product Integration are described in different reference models. We have investigated these and compared them with activities performed in seven product developmen...

Successes in lean manufacture have led researchers and practitioners to consider extending ‘lean’ to different parts of the engineering enterprise, including product and process development (PPD). Lean product development (PD) has been understood to mean lean manufacture applied to PD, while the roots of lean PD – just like lean manufacture go back to Toyota. This paper presents the methodology...

This article analyzes the link between the use of concurrent engineering (CE) and success in new product development (NPD) under varying conditions of uncertainty and complexity—radical versus incremental innovations. Using linear regression, the results obtained indicate that overlapping activities, inter-functional integration and teamwork positively affect NPD performance in terms of develop...