In support of the order-to-delivery (OTD) business initiative, a simulation framework has been developed at GM R&D. The OTD simulation program is aimed at simulating the behavior of the OTD supply chain using detailed inputs associated with demand, supply, and production processes. Customer demand variation is a key source of uncertainty in GM’s supply chain. Early capture of customer demand fl...

Abstract SDG-12, Responsible Consumption and Production, strives to break the current cycle of economic growth, resource usage environmental degradation, which has fuelled unsustainable global development for decades. While producing countries bear responsibility natural depletion, pollution other negative consequences their production, wealthy countries’ practical legal responsibilities are si...

The rationing of material resources is understood as the process determining amount their consumption necessary for normal production process. regulatory framework includes a set norms and standards applied at enterprise planning analytical purposes. rate maximum permitted planned raw materials, materials unit (work) established quality in conditions. standard specific or attributed to mass, ar...

1. The aim of this study was to estimate the amount of leaf litter ingested by the shredder caddis-fly Sericostoma vittatum in a small stream in central Portugal. The study combined field data on population dynamics and laboratory experiments to determine the effect of temperature (9, 12, 15 and 18 C), leaf species (Alnus glutinosa, Castanea sativa, Populus · canadensis and Quercus andegavensis...