Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological malignancy and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for women worldwide. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2) have been well studied in lung cancer, melanoma and renal-cell cancer. However, few studies have been performed in EC. The purpose of ...

AIMS To evaluate the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and their clinical and prognostic significance in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RESULTS The expression rate of PD-1 and PD-L1 in ESCC was 33.5% (117/349) and 41.4% (222/536), respectively. PD-L1 expression differed significantly by tumor location, grade, lymph node metastase...