Despite multidisciplinary treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer, their prognosis remains poor. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed, and immunotherapy utilizing anti-programmed death 1/-programmed death ligand-1 mAb is an attractive approach. However, as there is limited information on how programmed death ligand-1 is upregulated on tumor c...

B7-H1 and B7-DC are ligands for PD-1, a receptor implicated in negative regulation of T and B cell functions. These ligands, however, also costimulate T cell responses. It remains elusive whether or not costimulation is mediated through PD-1. By comparative molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that nonconserved residues between these ligands on the A'GFCC'C" face mediate i...

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Novel immunotherapies have been developed to improve the clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been tested in clinical trials, and anti-PD-1 antibody has been approved for the treat...

Summary We characterised patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) poor prognosis based on differences in immune infiltration. Different expressions of the tumour markers Cyclin D1 and sex‐determining region Y‐box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), cluster differentiation 3 (CD3), CD4, CD8, CD25, forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3), T‐box TBX21 (T‐bet), programmed death 1 (PD‐1), programmed‐death liga...