multiple sclerosis (ms) is characterized by multiple areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. infiltrating th1 cd4+ t cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines. they stimulate the release of some cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and these cytokines may cause damage to the myelin sheath and axons. in this study, we analyzed plasma levels and gene expressions of five i...

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells for triggering of the immune reaction post transplantation. These cells are centrally involved in the initiation of T cell-dependent immune responses. Objective: To compare the level of DC maturation and function in liver transplant recipients with healthy controls. Methods: In this study, twelve peripheral blood samples we...

Excessive synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines during endotoxemia causes severe pathophysiological derangements and organ failure. Because the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine has been effective in the treatment of diseases associated with increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as malaria or rheumatoid arthritis, this study evaluates the potential effect of chloroqu...

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) plays a critical role in gastrointestinal inflammation. However, the exact mechanism by which F. nucleatum contributes to inflammation is unclear. In the present study, it was revealed that F. nucleatum could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 colorectal) adenocarcinoma cel...

PURPOSE To determine the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on differential gene expression profiles in the human corneal endothelium (HCE), by using a cDNA expression array. METHODS A human cDNA expression array technology was used to study the simultaneous expression of HCE incubated with interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)-alpha. Gene-specific semiquantitative reverse...

N-acetyl-L-cysteine is known to act as a reactive oxygen species scavenger and used in clinical applications. Previous reports have shown that high-dose N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in activated macrophages. Here, we have found that long-time N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment at low-concentration increases phosphorylation of extracellular signal...

Pregnancy is associated with an increased production of pro-inflammatory factors and concomitant modifications in the gut microbiota composition. The persistence these pregnancy-associated immunologic profiles was assessed 43 women. In postpartum period composition remained relatively unchanged while concentrations proinflammatory cytokines continued to increase.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of cystic fibrosis patients causes lung damage that is substantially orchestrated by cytokines. In this study, multi-gene probe analysis was used to characterize the ability of the P. aeruginosa mitogen, exoenzyme S, to induce proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and chemokines. Exoenzyme S strongly induced transcription of proinflammatory cytokines an...

Chronic inflammation is a characteristic of obesity and is associated with accompanying insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although proinflammatory cytokines are known for their detrimental effects on adipose tissue function and insulin sensitivity, their beneficial effects in the regulation of metabolism have not drawn sufficient attention. In obesity, inflammat...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cytokines are necessary for the inflammatory response, favoring proper wound healing. However, exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine production can manifest systemically as hemodynamic instability or metabolic derangements. The objective of this review was to describe the effects of cytokines in pain. CONTENTS This article reviews the effects of cytokines in pain. In ...