Neuroinflammatory response is primarily a protective mechanism in the brain. However, excessive and chronic inflammatory responses can lead to deleterious effects involving immune cells, brain cells and signaling molecules. Neuroinflammation induces and accelerates pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammatory pathways are indi...

The acute inflammatory response is composed of an elaborate cascade of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. The balance between these mediators often determines the outcome after injury. In clinical scenarios, such as trauma or sepsis, there is often unregulated production of proinflammatory mediators that can cause multiple organ failure. Further understanding of the endogenou...

SIGNIFICANCE Radiation therapy is widely used for treatment of prostate cancer. Radiation can directly damage biologically important molecules; however, most effects of radiation-mediated cell killing are derived from the generated free radicals that alter cellular redox status. Multiple proinflammatory mediators can also influence redox status in irradiated cells and the surrounding microenvir...