background: h-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (fcr) h-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and t...

Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are two intracellular receptors that mediate the effects of the prototypic second messenger cAMP. Identifying pharmacological probes for selectively modulating EPAC activity represents a significant unmet need within the research field. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of 3-(5-ter...

An overview of the efficacy of anti-predator netting (APN) used by the shellfish industry is presented. There is little support that the currently favored APN effectively protects farmed clams from predators. Evidence does suggest that APN leads to impacts and pollution. APN is an attractant for predators, e.g., crabs, by providing a refuge within Ulva sp. which attaches onto the surface of APN...

The interaction of triethoxysilane (TES) with H-ferrierite (H-FER) and its effects on acidity have been investigated by infrared spectroscopy. TES adsorbs only on the external surface of H-FER and allows the almost complete disappearance of the external silanol groups. New SiH groups are formed which appear to be inactive in acid-base interactions. The adsorption of propionitrile, which diffuse...

Recently, cobalt redox electrolyte mediators have emerged as a promising alternative to the commonly used iodide/triiodide redox shuttle in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Here, we report the successful use of a new quasi-liquid, polymer-based electrolyte containing the Co(3+)/Co(2+) redox mediator in 3-methoxy propionitrile solvent in order to overcome the limitations of high cell resistanc...

The very high mono-C-methylation selectivity (>99%) of arylacetic acid derivatives (ArCH2X; X = CN, CO2Me) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is due to a mechanism that involves consecutive methoxycarbonylation, methylation, and demethoxycarbonylation steps. Important aspects of this mechanism are clarified herein by a kinetic investigation. In the case of arylacetonitriles, at 140 degrees C, the co...

The research study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of the regimen of 5-flurouracil with cisplatin of investigational arm with the reference regimen of gemcitabine with cisplatin for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 30 patients enrolled in arm-A (Gemcitabine with Cisplatin) and 30 patients enrolled in arm-B (5-Fluroura...