Producer Protection Legislation and Termination Damages in the Presence of Contracting Frictions This study models producer protection legislation that would grant growers the right to claim damages (PPLD) if their contracts are prematurely terminated. In the absence of contracting frictions that prevent contractors from redesigning contracts to accommodate exogenous policy changes, PPLD would ...

Increasing traffic demands in the transport networks as well as declining revenues per bits require an increased transport efficiency. The concept of network coding has shown to increase the network throughput in capacity limited networks compared to traditional routing solutions. We show in this paper that applying network coding to certain reference transport networks with traffic protection ...

a new anti-corrosion compound, melamine formaldehyde (mf), was formulated by the addition of proper amount of formaldehyde to melamine under specific conditions. this compound was mixed with a novel nano powder, which was extracted from corn cob ash containing sio2 particles, in order to improve its corrosion inhibition efficiency. this inhibitor provides a high level of protection for steel su...

For nearly half a century, the literature on dividend payments has questioned why firms pay dividends at all. Two competing models have emerged to explain this. In low investor protection regimes, corporate insiders give dividends to signal trust. In high-protection regimes, outside investors have the power to demand dividends. Using a unique laboratory experiment, our results back the empirica...

In this work, we describe an accelerated solid-phase synthetic protocol for ordinary or difficult peptides involving air-bath heating and amide protection. For the Hmsb-based backbone amide protection, an optimized acyl shift condition using 1,4-dioxane was discovered. The efficiency and robustness of the protocol was validated in the course of preparation of classical difficult peptides and ub...

Performance testing of two brands of surgical helmets indicated that their efficiency at in vivo filtration of sub-micrometer-sized particles is inadequate for their use as respirators. These helmets are not marketed for respiratory protection and should not be used alone for protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome when performing aerosol-generating procedures.

We consider protection and restoration mechanisms for hierarchical optical networks with different granularities of paths (wavelengths and wavebands). We formulate an Integer Linear Programming description for the problem and propose a shared-path waveband protection algorithm. We further demonstrate its efficiency by analyzing its equipment cost and capacity utilization.

An open operating system provides a high degree of programming flexibility and efficiency. At the same time, it generally requires that all programs be written in a single language, and provides no protection other than that which is available from the compiler. These limitations may be tolerated by the user of a personal computer, but they become unacceptable on a workstation that must run unt...

Two new electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design by using only 1 × VDD low-voltage devices for mixedvoltage I/O buffer with 3 × VDD input tolerance are proposed. Two different special high-voltage-tolerant ESD detection circuits are designed with substrate-triggered technique to improve ESD protection efficiency of ESD clamp device. These two ESD detection circuits with different design ...

In this paper we analyze the relationship between strictness of employment protection and efficiency of bankruptcy law. We argue that country’s legal tradition provides the appropriate institutional proxy to explain the nature of such relationship. We find that for civil law countries where bankruptcy procedures are more inefficient a stricter employment protection policy is enforced. For commo...