abstract         background and objective: hirudin is an anticoagulant polypeptide secreted from the salivary glands of leeches. recombinant hirudin is a strong anticoagulant agent in arterial and venous thrombosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inserting protein a signal peptide sequence of pezz18 plasmid on expression and secretion of the recombinant hirudin in e.coli.  ...

Recently, neural networks have been applied to a widening range of problems in molecular biology. An area particularly suited to neural-network methods is the identification of protein sorting signals and the prediction of their cleavage sites, as these functional units are encoded by local, linear sequences of amino acids rather than global 3D structures.

The maintenance of proper epithelial function requires efficient sorting of newly synthesized and recycling proteins to the apical and basolateral surfaces of differentiated cells. Whereas basolateral protein sorting signals are generally confined to their cytoplasmic regions, apical targeting signals have been identified that localize to luminal, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic aspects of prote...

Epithelial cell polarity depends on the continuous sorting of plasma membrane proteins. While various sorting signals and pathways have been identified, only recently has a protein been identified that recognizes such sorting determinants and mediates sorting to a specific cell-surface domain.

The concept of Genealogical Sorting Indexes (GSIs) was first introduced by Cummings et al. [1]. Given a set of observations belonging to different groups (represented in the form of a hierarchial tree), the Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI) value obtained for a particular group provides a quantitative measure of how closely the observations belonging to this group have clustered in the given tre...

Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an apical protein in intestinal cells. The location of sorting signals in LPH was investigated by preparing a series of mutants that lacked the LPH cytoplasmic domain or had the cytoplasmic domain of LPH replaced by sequences that comprised basolateral targeting signals and overlapping internalization signals of various potency. These signals are mutants of ...