The dielectric charging constitutes a major problem that still inhibits the commercial application of RF MEMS capacitive switches. The effect arises from the presence of the dielectric film (Fig.1a), which limits the displacement of the suspended electrode and determines the device pull-down state capacitance. Macroscopically, the dielectric charging is manifested through the shift (Fig.1b) (Re...

there are many techniques for reconstruction after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. the use of a transposed stomach to restore gastrointestinal continuity, and this combined cervical and abdominal approach for pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and gastric pull up has become one of the most popular. this retrospective study is a review of 50 consecutive iranian patients who underwent pharyngolaryn...

This paper presents a study on the frequency response of a capacitive micro-beam resonator under various applied stresses. The governing equation whose solution holds the answer to all our questions about the mechanical behavior is the nonlinear electrostatic equation. Due to the nonlinearity and complexity of the derived equation analytical solution are not generally available; therefore, the ...

In this proposed work we are applying valuable power gating schemes to FinFET based Schmitt trigger to enhance its performance by reducing the leakage current in standby mode (off-state mode). The power gating schemes like Sleep Transistor approach and Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) and Double-Threshold CMOS (DTCMOS) have been analysed and simulated which shows the tremendous reduction in the le...

In order to use hydrogen fuel cells in domestic applications either as main power supply or backup source, their low DC output voltage has to be matched to the level and frequency of the utility grid AC voltage. Such power converter systems usually consist of a DC-DC converter and a DCAC inverter. A double inductor step-up push-pull converter with the output voltage and the input current contro...

Wide-band switches and true-time delay (TTD) phase shifters have been developed using distributed microelectromechanical system (MEMS) transmission lines for applications in phased-array and communication systems. The design consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line (W = G = 100 m) fabricated on a 500m quartz substrate with fixed–fixed beam MEMS bridge capacitors placed periodica...

This paper represents the impact of beam thickness and air gap upon the performance of cantilever MEMS switches having different beam materials (Al, Au metals). A comparative analysis of spring constant, effective mass, pull-in voltage, capacitance of cantilever based MEMS switch has been performed by 3D simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics based on Finite Element Method [FEM]. Different parame...

The fringe field effects of nano-electromechanical (NEM) nonvolatile memory cells have been investigated analytically for the accurate evaluation of NEM memory cells. As the beam width is scaled down, fringe field effect becomes more severe. It has been observed that pull-in, release and hysteresis voltage decrease more than our prediction. Also, the fringe field on cell characteristics has bee...

A novel load pull methodology to characterize the performance of class-E outphasing power amplifiers is presented. The traditional analysis of the outphasing topology cannot be applied when classE amplifiers are used because these amplifiers do not behave as an ideal current or voltage source. Unlike most other amplifier classes, class-E amplifiers require a phase modulated input signal with co...

This article analyses the push and pull factors that bring visitors to the Iranian national parks. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data on these factors and the socio-demographic profile of the visitors. Survey conducted in Boujagh National Park, an area of 3177 hectares located in the north of the Iran, produced 400 questionnaires. The factor analysis identified four push ...