OBJECTIVE Breast pumping or hand expression may be recommended when newborns latch or suck poorly. A recent trial found worse outcomes among mothers who used a breast pump in the early postpartum period. The objective of this study was to compare bilateral electric breast pumping to hand expression among mothers of healthy term infants feeding poorly at 12-36 h after birth. DESIGN Randomised ...

BACKGROUND The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used for studying small neural circuits underlying behavior. In particular, the rhythmic feeding motions collectively termed pharyngeal pumping are regulated by a nearly autonomous network of 20 neurons of 14 types. Despite much progress achieved through laser ablation, genetics, electrophysiology, and optogenetics, key questions regardin...

[1] 3-D Hydraulic tomography (3-D HT) is a method for aquifer characterization whereby the 3-D spatial distribution of aquifer flow parameters (primarily hydraulic conductivity, K) is estimated by joint inversion of head change data from multiple partially penetrating pumping tests. While performance of 3-D HT has been studied extensively in numerical experiments, few field studies have demonst...

The effects of the pumping wavelength and their power on the gain flattening of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) are investigated. The multi-wavelength pumping scheme is utilized to achieve gain flatness in FRA. It is proposed that gain flatness becomes better with increase in number of pumping wavelengths applied. We have achieved flat gain with 0.27 dB fluctuation in a spectral range of 1475-160...

With the rise in demand for channel capacity, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique is employed in optical communication networks. Gain Flattened Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is used in optical WDM system to obtain a uniform output power level. The performance of EDFA depends on various parameters such as fiber length, pump power, pumping wavelength and pumping technique. The ...

In this research, we chiefly proceed on-site measurement and analysis to examine how the pumping wells influence groundwater properties. The examined region is surrounded by mountains formed by a bowl shaped depression in the Paleozoic strata and granite. The paleozoic strata basin rock is an impermeable bed upon which there is a permeable diluvium and then alluvium. It is estimated a lot of gr...

this paper presents a relatively new management model for the optimal design and operation of irrigation water pumping systems. the model makes use of the newly introduced particle swarm optimization algorithm. a two step optimization model is developed and solved with the particle swarm optimization method. the model first carries out an exhaustive enumeration search for all feasible sets of p...

homocysteine thiolactone was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of 10–12-day-old chicken embryo cardiac tissue explants at 7 × 10−9 −1 × 10−3 m concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. the maximal cardiotoxic effect of homocysteine thiolactone was detected at 1 × 10−3 m, which corresponds to severe hyperhomocysteinemia. the results of experiments on culturing of cardiac tissue explants in the...

We experimentally show that exchange magnons can be detected by using a combination of spin pumping and the inverse spin-Hall effect proving its wavelength integrating capability down to the submicrometer scale. The magnons were injected in a ferrite yttrium iron garnet film by parametric pumping and the inverse spin-Hall effect voltage was detected in an attached Pt layer. The role of the dens...

At the start, 1.85K operation seemed reasonable and an all-helium four solution the only one possible. It is still evident that for 1.85K operation, an allhelium four cycle is optimum, not because of lowest capital cost, but due to less pumping power. In a hybrid helium three-helium four refrigerator, the specific power for pumping helium-three is 4.0026 I 3.016 times that of pumping helium four.