The trend towards performance-based codes for achieving acceptable fire safety creates a significant demand for improved material properties and computer fire models. The performance-based engineering analysis is very difficult to achieve for wood-based materials because of their complex physical processes for pyrolysis and combustion. To address this need the cone calorimeter (ASTM E1354) was ...

This work investigated the ability of biopretreatment with different whiterot fungi to improve the medium-temperature pyrolysis of biomass. It was found that biopretreatment can significantly increase the production of phenols and glucopyranoside up to 2.82 and 2.94 fold, respectively. Biopretreatment can also decrease the content of carbon dioxide, propanol, and propanone, making the pyrolysis...

Motivated by the necessity to understand the pyrolysis of alkylated amines, unimolecular decomposition of acetamide is investigated herein as a model compound. Standard heats of formation, entropies, and heat capacities, are calculated for all products and transition structures using several accurate theoretical levels. The potential energy surface is mapped out for all possible channels encoun...

A novel structure denoted a "hollow nanosphere aggregate" is synthesized by introducing nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion to the spray pyrolysis process. The hollow Fe2O3 nanosphere aggregates with spherical shape and micron size are synthesized as the first target material. A solid iron oxide-carbon composite powder that is prepared by a one-pot spray pyrolysis process is transformed into the hol...

In this study, various types of ionic liquids (ILs) were examined for catalytic activity in the pyrolysis of cellulose for the production of levoglucosenone, which is a valuable and versatile compound for the synthesis of a variety of novel compounds. Cellulose was simply mixed with the ILs and subjected for the pyrolysis, typically at 300 °C, to produce volatile products, including levoglucose...

Nitrogen-doped graphene (nG) is a promising metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of fuel cells. Here we report a facile preparation of nG via pyrolysis of graphene oxide with melamine. The morphology of the nG is revealed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy while the successful N doping is confirmed by electron energy loss sp...

The conversion and utilization of biomass as an alternative source of energy have been subjects of interest in various countries, but technical barriers to the technology and design of conversion plants have considerably impeded the development and use of alternative power sources. Theoretical studies on the conversion process enhance our understanding of the thermochemical conversion of solid ...

In this study, pyrolysis of microalgal remnants was investigated for recovery of energy and nutrients. Chlorella vulgaris (C.vulgaris) biomass was first solvent-extracted for lipid recovery then the remnants were used as the feedstock for fast pyrolysis experiments using a fluidized bed reactor at 500 o C. Yields of bio-oil, biochar and gas were 53, 31, and 10wt.%, respectively. Bio-oil from C....

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The implementation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the analysis of multivariate data is reviewed, with particular reference to the analysis of pyrolysis mass spectra. The need for and benefits of multivariate data analysis are explained followed by a discussion of ANNs and their optimisation. Finally, an example of the use of ANNs for the quantitative deconvolution of the pyrolysis mass...