Interest in generating energy from biomass has grown tremendously in recent years. Corn stover is an agricultural by-product, which is abundant in quantity. Gasification and pyrolysis are efficient methods of harnessing energy efficiently from corn stover. The performances of mathematical models to predict the product gas quality rely on characterization of feed materials and the reaction kinet...

This review critically examines char conversion kinetics in oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. In kinetic analysis the devolatilization of biomass and the conversion of char are usually investigated by means of separate experiments, although some kinetic models are also available of biomass combustion. The large majority of the char conversion kinetics consists of a global reaction with activati...

This paper presents a method for parameter estimation of complex chemical kinetics by an evolution strategy which uses a scheme called covariance matrix adaptation. The advantage of this scheme is that a completely derandomized self-adaptation of mutation distribution can be achieved. The used algorithm utilizes even cumulation to improve the performance. The method was tested on experimental d...

The grain coarsening in dense nanocrystalline gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO) and CeO2 was studied for the grain size regime from 10 to 250 nm. Dense ceria-based thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis and pulsed laser deposition on sapphire substrates. The small grain-sized CGO and CeO2 microstructures were surprisingly stable and showed self-limited grain growth and relaxation of the microstr...

the purposes of this article are studying the effects of oxygen presence on waste wood pyrolysis process in order to produce bio-char. to reach the goal, cubic samples of size 2.5 cm pyrolized at 300 and 400 °c. the surface and center temperatures of samples were measured and their mass losses were calculated from the ratio of pyrolized mass to initial mass of the sample. increase in temperatur...

Ash-based catalysts, as low-cost materials, are applicable in biomass pyrolysis and play a role lowering the activation energy. This study enriched insights of different method catalyst addition into catalytic pyrolysis. The rice husk ash pellets allows for better solid-solid contact between catalyst, since common methods were only solid mixing. research aimed to investigate thermal characteris...

This paper aims to provide a review of the analytical extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. The extraction technologies described here include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and microextraction, ther...

The co-pyrolysis of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEEs) and waste biomass to obtain pyrolysis-oil, a liquid fuel or chemical feedstock, was carried out in the present work. The pyrolysis-oil yield of co-pyrolysis reached 62.3% which was significantly higher than those of pyrolysis of WEEEs and biomass alone (i.e., 53.1% for WEEEs and 46.3% for biomass), suggesting that synergisti...

This study investigates the efficacy of a prepared Ni/θ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst during pyrolytic conversion Parachlorella kessleri HY-6 and compares results with non-catalytic conversion. The was characterized by techniques such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) for surface area, acidity, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Isoconversional combined kinetic methods were used to kinetics process. at 10, 20, ...

The characteristics of enzymatic/mild acidolysis lignin (EMAL) isolated from moso bamboo were investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Pyrolysis temperature as a factor on products was studied, and the pyrolysis mechanism was inferred with respect to the dominating products. Research results showed that pyrolysis products derived from EMAL pyrolysis were mai...