introduction: to promote the processes of providing medical services, patient's rights and establishing uniformity in treatment policy, the evaluation quality indexes were communicated to all general hospitals in 2002. this study evaluates the implementation of managed care guideline before their communication as evaluation quality indexes of hospitals and their relationship with communication ...

ERCP is one of the most technically demanding and highstudies. Clinical studies were identified through a computerrisk procedures performed by GI endoscopists. It requires significant focused training and experience to maximize success and to minimize poor outcomes. ERCP has evolved from a purely diagnostic to a predominately therapeutic procedure. ERCP and ancillary interventions are effective...

Indicators which summarise the characteristics of spatiotemporal data coverages significantly simplify quality evaluation, decision making and justification processes by providing a number of quality cues that are easy to manage and avoiding information overflow. Criteria which are commonly prioritised in evaluating spatial data quality and assessing a dataset’s fitness for use include lineage,...

Total organic carbon (TOC) is the carbon (C) stored in soil organic matter (SOM). Organic carbon (OC) enters the soil through the decomposition of plant and animal residues, root exudates, living and dead microorganisms, and soil biota. SOM is the organic fraction of soil exclusive of nondecomposed plant and animal residues. Nevertheless, most analytical methods do not distinguish between decom...

Colonoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis and treatlesions that are endoscopically subtle or difficult to rement of colon disorders. Properly performed, colonoscopy is generally safe, accurate, and well-tolerated. Visualization of the mucosa of the entire large intestine and distal terminal ileum usually is possible during colonoscopy. Polyps can be removed during colonoscopy, thereby reduci...

EGD is used widely for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal, gastric, and small-bowel disorders. When properly performed, it is generally safe and well-tolerated for the examination of the upper GI tract. Included among the many accepted indications for EGD are evaluation of dysphagia, GI bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, medically refractory GERD, esophageal strictures, celiac disease, and ...

EUS has become integral to the diagnosis and staging of indicators were chosen by expert consensus. Although GI and mediastinal mass lesions and conditions. EUSguided FNA (EUS-FNA) allows the endoscopist to obtain tissue or fluid for cytologic and chemical analysis, adding to the procedure’s utility. Furthermore, the recent development of EUS-guided core biopsy techniques enables histologic sam...

introduction quality of urban life is known as one of the major elements of urban development. thus, evaluation urban environmental quality has much importance in the planning of urban development. cities are complex ecosystems affected by social, economic, environmental, and cultural factors. inefficient urban planning and management and lack of coherent environmental policies have led to many...