A supply chain consisting of a single-supplier and a single-buyer is modeled and compared in two different modes: non-coordinated and coordinated. The model is established based on the fact that the demand is uncertain and shortages are considered as lost sales. The buyer’s order lead time is a nonlinear function of the buyer’s order size and the number of shipments from the supplier. Quantity ...

Abstract In this paper, Markov chain and dynamic programming were used to represent a suitable pattern for tax relief and tax evasion decrease based on tax earnings in Iran from 2005 to 2009. Results, by applying this model, showed that tax evasion were 6714 billion Rials**. With 4% relief to tax payers and by calculating present value of the received tax, it was reduced to 3108 billion Rials. ...

Lee and Rosenblatt examine ordering and quantity discount decisions for a singlevendor − single-buyer system from the perspective of the supplier. By imposing a constraint on the amount of price discount which may be offered to the purchaser they suggest a procedure for determining the optimal solution regarding the underlying planning problem. However, the proposed algorithm can end up with an...

Even within a store chain and format, supermarket outlets often exhibit substantial differences in selling surface. For chain managers, this raises the issue of correctly anticipating the promotion lift, and of profitably managing promotion activities, across these outlets. In this paper, we conceptualize why and how store size influences the category sales effectiveness of four promotional ind...

A joint replenishment problem is presented to determine the ordering policy for multiple items having a certain percentage of defective units. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the percentage of defective units on the ordering policy. Two different scenarios are presented for joint replenishment problem: (1) without price discount and (2) with price discount. For each scenario...

In this work, we propose extending the production planning decisions of a chemical process network to include optimal contract selection under uncertainty with suppliers and product selling price optimization. We use three quantity-based contract models: discount after a certain purchased amount, bulk discount, and fixed duration contracts. We propose the use of general regression models to des...

With the rapid development of e-commerce in China, JD has encountered different rivals. How does use its differentiated competition strategy to reduce costs, increase revenue and profits? Based on research expansion previous literature, based database published by Internet March 2018, this paper gives strategic suggestions JD, hoping make it stand out among competitors. It is found that should ...

The present study first investigates the asymmetry of speedup - delay (gain and loss) and Sign Effect in Tehran Stock Exchange, then examine the effect of gender on the discount rate and explain it with the loss aversion. The sample is 403 investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, and the nonparametric Tests are used to test the research hypotheses. The research results show that there is an asymmetr...