local anesthetic solutions are frequently mixed to take advantage of the useful properties of each drug but the medical literature is surprisingly deficient in well controlled studies about the onset and duration of action of these mixtures for epidural anesthesia. a total of 32 patients scheduled for elective operation were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study; in group i, ...

We report a catalytic stereoconvergent construction of vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers via double stereoablative enantioselective alkylation of a mixture having racemic and meso diastereomers of esters to afford exceptional levels of diastereo- (up to 17 : 1) and enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee). The strategy offers an efficient and general approach to dimeric cyclotryptamine alkaloids ...

A synthetic route to backbone functionalised imidazolinium salts-NHC ligand precursors has been developed. These tagged NHC ligands can be used to obtain a homogeneous Hoveyda-type catalyst (19) containing a quaternary ammonium group on a C-8 long spacer. Products of olefin metathesis reactions promoted by complex 19 can be readily purified from Ru-residues by filtration of the reaction mixture...

lallemantia royleana (balangu) is a well known iranian medicinal plant that its seed mucilage has many applications in modern pharmacology. plant mucilage traditionally was used as a gel supplement, and natural matrix for sustained release of drugs. but it seems that these compounds are not a simple additive and also have many undiscovered pharmacological properties. in this research, the anest...

Chitosan was cross-linked using glutaraldehyde in the presence of magnetite. The resin obtained was chemically modified through the reaction with tetraethylenepentamine followed by glycidyl trimethylammonium chlorid to produce chitosan bearing amine (R1) and chitosan bearing both amine and quaternary ammonium chloride moieties (R2), respectively. The quaternary amine resin (R2) showed a higher ...

A broad and simple method permitted halide ions in quaternary heteroaromatic and ammonium salts to be exchanged for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A(-) form) in non-aqueous media. The anion loading of the AER (OH(-) form) was examined using two different anion sources, acids or ammonium salts, and changing the polarity of the solvents. The AER (A(-) form) method in organic s...

The composite consisting of a mixture bis-GMA/UDMA/HEMA/TEGDMA monomers forming polymer matrix filled with silanized silica (45 wt%) was modified CTAB or DODAB quaternary ammonium salts (0.5‒2.0 wt%). hardness, flexural strength and diametrical tensile the before after modification were tested. type amount salt affect shrinkage stress, but it does not tested composites.

Introduction A comprehensive review of gas-chromatographic methods for determining the concentration of circulating antiepileptic drug has been presented (1 ). Because most epileptic patients receive one or more drugs to control their seizures, it is therapeutically desirable to have a method for monitoring the concentrations of each of these drugs in serum. The chemistry of pyrolysis with meth...