1. The susceptibility of mice to the lethal effect of preparations containing the oxygen-labile hemolysin (streptolysin O) of group A hemolytic streptococci has been studied. Injection of a single sublethal dose of the streptococcal preparation causes the development of resistance to the effect of a lethal dose injected subsequently. 2. Resistance is demonstrable 3 to 6 hours after the injectio...

Ap Applicati tions ons in in Pl Plant t Scien Sciences ces Quillaja saponaria Molina is an endemic Chilean tree, known as soapbark, soap bark tree, or quillay (as it is known in Chile). It is an evergreen tree of the family Quillajaceae (Kubitzki, 2007), found from the Coquimbo Region to Arauco Province in the Bío-Bío Region, approximately between 31 ° and 38 ° south (García and Ormazabal, 2008...

since the use of antibiotics in animal feeds has been banned, researches on alternative natural products that modulate ruminal fermentation have been intensified. natural compounds such as plant extracts have been considered to be replaced antibiotics as safe and sustainable alternatives. plant extracts especially essential oils and saponins have strong antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiprotozo...

Phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis led to the isolation of a new triterpenoid saponin (6), together with five known triterpenoid saponins (1-5). The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral data to be 21,28-di-O-acetylprotoaescigenin-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic ac...

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most potent medicinal plants and has been used for centuries as a health tonic. Saponin is considered one of the most important active components in ginseng root, which shows anabolic, adaptogenic, antibiotic, minor hyperglycemic, and anti-cancer activities. More than 20 different types of saponin have been identified. Current advances in plant b...

Comparative immunostimulatory properties of saponin and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) were studied using affinity purified 39 kDa larval antigen of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. Significant antibody response to 39 kDa antigen was detected in the sera of rabbits immunized with both 39 kDa plus saponin and 39 kDa plus IFA in comparison to their corresponding control animals. Insignificant ...

A permeable cell system has been developed by treatment with saponin for studying in vitro replication of DNA and chromatin. DNA replication of simian virus 40 nucleoprotein complexes (SV40 chromatin) in saponin-treated permeable cells was found to be more efficient than that in digitonin-treated permeable cells. Autoradiography of the agarose-gel revealed that [alpha-32P]dCTP was incorporated ...

background: saponins identified from fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds are reported effective on dyslipidemia. however, the definite mechanism is still not elucidated systematically. in this study, we evaluate the effects of saponin extract on cholesterol absorption, metabolism, synthesis, and reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. methods: saponin extract was prepared according to a ...

Saponin permeabilization of tissue slices is increasingly popular for characterizing mitochondrial function largely because it is fast, easy, requires little tissue and leaves much of the cell intact. This technique is well described for mammalian muscle and brain, but not for liver. We sought to evaluate how saponin permeabilization reflects aspects of liver energy metabolism typically assesse...