In this paper, we introduce a new role of quotas, e.g. labor market quotas: the attentional role. We study effect quota implementation on attention allocation strategy rationally inattentive (RI) manager. find that quotas induce attention: RI manager who is forced to fulfill quota, unlike an unrestricted manager, never rejects minority candidates without acquiring information about them. also d...

In 1986 the Dutch government started to regulate animal agriculture through the imposition of the phosphate based manure production rights (quotas). Mandatory production control programs affect asset values. Capitalization theory postulates the value of any asset is equal to the present value of its expected future returns. We es timated a reduced form derived land demand model using pooled cro...

The presence of violations and the need for enforcement of tradable property rights systems in fisheries has not receiving much attention in the literature. The theoretical promise of property rights-based fisheries is to achieve a given total allowable catch with a maximum social benefit. One of the assumption for that result is that the system is in perfect compliance. The incidents of noncom...

BACKGROUND Starting in the late 1980s, the Japanese government decreased the number of students accepted into medical school each year in order to reduce healthcare spending. The result of this policy is a serious shortage of doctors in Japan today, which has become a social problem in recent years. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Japanese government decided in 2007 to increase the med...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the consequences of accounting for variable Chl:C (chlorophyll:carbon) and C:N (carbon:nitrogen) ratios in the formulation of phytoplankton growth in biogeochemical models. We compare the qualitative behaviour of a suite of phytoplankton growth formulations with increasing complexity: 1) a Redfield formulation (constant C:N ratio) without photo-acclimation (...

Estimates of recreational fishing harvest are often unavailable until after a fishing season has ended. This lag in information complicates efforts to stay within the quota. The simplest way to monitor quota within the season is to use harvest information from the previous year. This works well when fishery conditions are stable, but is inaccurate when fishery conditions are changing. We develo...

The Atlantic bluefin tuna fishery, one of the most prized and lucrative, is increasingly threatened with collapse, according to scientists, after the regulatory body established to maintain the fishery has again recommended a quota for the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean population at a level that many scientists and conservationists believe is unsustainable. The International Commission for...

Increasing the number of women in positions of political power is top priority for women’s movements and for governments around the world. Activists, international institutions, and national governments have come to see gender quota laws as the best way to achieve this goal. In the past 15 years, more than 40 countries have adopted measures that require a certain number of those running for or ...