We model externality abatement as an implementation problem. A social planner would like to ensure efficient behavior among a group of agents whose actions are sources of externalities. However, the planner has limited information about the agents' preferences, and he is unable to distinguish individual agents except through their action choices. We prove that if a concavity condition on aggreg...

We study road supply by competing firms between a single origin and destination. In previous studies, firms simultaneously set their tolls and capacities while taking the actions of the others as given in a Nash fashion. Then, under some widely used technical assumptions, firms set a volume/capacity ratio that is socially optimal, and thus the level of travel time or service quality is socially...

depends upon: (a) concentration of caffeine; (fc) time of addition of caffeine; (c) length of exposure; and (d) carcinogen used. The addition of caffeine to cells treated 1 hr previously with carcinogen resulted in the potentiation of toxicity. Toxicity increased with caffeine concentration and length of exposure to carcinogen-containing medium. With 50 ¿ig caffeine per ml medium for 2 days cl...

Abstract. There is substantiated the need to modernize transport area of Ukraine in view state obligations adopted during signing international environmental agreements. It argued that adoption United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its further implementation by Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement require signatory States take measures minimize anthropogenic impact CO2 emissions e...

Teubner BJ, Keen-Rhinehart E, Bartness TJ. Third ventricular coinjection of subthreshold doses of NPY and AgRP stimulate food hoarding and intake and neural activation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R37–R48, 2012. First published October 19, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00475.2011.—We previously demonstrated that 3rd ventricular (3V) neuropeptide Y (NPY) or agouti-related protein (Ag...

Birds express two β-parvalbumin isoforms, parvalbumin 3 and avian thymic hormone (ATH). Parvalbumin 3 from chicken (CPV3) is identical to rat β-parvalbumin (β-PV) at 75 of 108 residues. CPV3 displays intermediate Ca(2+) affinity--higher than that of rat β-parvalbumin, but lower than that of ATH. As in rat β-PV, the attenuation of affinity is associated primarily with the CD site (residues 41-70...

What will the cities of future be like? This is a question that does not have an unequivocal response. The developed by people who been born yet or are devoted to shaping urban planning policy and markets. Furthermore, these created thanks knowledge exist today. All we can do try draw along general (alternative) guidelines according which those might constructed consequences every alternative. ...

Understanding the sensitivity of gasoline demand to changes in prices and income has important implications for policies related to climate change, optimal taxation and national security, to name only a few. While the short-run price and income elasticities of gasoline demand in the United States have been studied extensively, the vast majority of these studies focus on consumer behavior in the...

Understanding the sensitivity of gasoline demand to changes in prices and income has important implications for policies related to climate change, optimal taxation and national security, to name only a few. While the short-run price and income elasticities of gasoline demand in the United States have been studied extensively, the vast majority of these studies focus on consumer behavior in the...

Comparatively little is known about the connexions of the claustrum; two recent reviews (Rae, 1954; Berke, 1960) have summarized the evidence available from studies of normal and Marchi-stained material, and have emphasized the inadequacy of our understanding of the basic organization of the connexions of the claustrum. In view of the paucity of knowledge it was considered worthwhile to place o...