T hirty years ago, our paper entitled “The High Cost of Regulating U.S. Railroads” (Regulation, January/ February 1981) appeared in this journal. At the time, the Staggers Act had just been signed into law. Our paper provided an analysis of the U.S. railroad industry’s performance for the generation immediately preceding the legislation. We focused on the cost of pre-Staggers regulation and dre...

introduction the floods particularly in arid regions of iran damage railroads each year. most of the damages are in the rail bridges on stream channels because of the channel bed replacements, sudden rainfalls and disjointed bed materials. dry channels of the streams, the flat surface of the ground, and lack of vegetation cover result in seasonal and annual channel bed replacements. these chann...

In contrast to river floods, the enormous erosion potential in catchments contributes significantly extent of damage infrastructure valleys. This paper investigates impact heavy precipitation event 14–15 July 2021 on railroad Ahr valley Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. a first step, detailed overview climatological and hydrological drivers using spatially high-resolved distribution peak discharge...

We investigated the relationship between railroad station and areal population density in Japan. A cross-sectional analysis and a series of longitudinal analysis on the station development and changes in population density are conducted. The overall trend of higher density near the station is observed with a relatively high level of variance. Also, it is pointed out that railroad service is nec...

(Open) Standards Wars In “The Art of Standards Wars,” Robert Shapiro gives a brief overview of several major standards wars in business history. The oldest one he mentions is the battle over standard railroad gauge between the Northern and Southern United States. The development of railroads in the United States was done with little coordination, so that by 1860, there were seven different rail...

This paper aims to study the locomotive routing problem (LRP) which is one of the most important problems in railroad scheduling in view of involving expensive assets and high cost of operating locomotives. This problem is assigning a fleet of locomotives to a network of trains to provide sufficient power to pull them from their origins to destinations by satisfying a rich set of operational con...