Transforms reduce the distributions of surface-runoff and sediment-transport variables to nearexponential distributions typical of rainfall duration and intensity. Two transform parameters are determined from field measurements using either a graphical method or the method of moments. The transforms were tested on both small experimental plots and very large watersheds for the distributions of ...

We update the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics and trends using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; version 3g) 1981 to 2012 data set. We compare the annual NDIV3g and July to October growing season averages with the three rainfall data sets: the Africa Rainfall Climatology from 1983 to 2012, the Variability Analyses of...

Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. [1] We develop a methodology for the frequency of extreme rainfall intensities caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) in...

This paper investigates the role that air–sea interaction processes may play in interannual variability of south-eastern African summer rainfall. The principal spatial modes of south-eastern African summer rainfall are first identified using principal component analysis. Four modes are retained. The most important mode of variability is found to represent rainfall variability over most of the d...

The importance of considering the spatial distribution of rainfall for process-oriented hydrological modelling is well-known. However, the application of rainfall radar data to provide such detailed spatial resolution is still under debate. In this study the process-oriented TAC (Tracer Aided Catchment model, Distributed) model had been used to investigate the effects of different spatially dis...

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of multiple diseases, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Due to modifications in weather patterns, its geographical range is continuously evolving. Temperature is a key factor for its expansion into regions with cool winters, but rainfall can also have a strong impact on the colonization of these regions, since larvae emerging after a rainfall are likely to ...

Rainfall erosivity, considering rainfall amount and intensity, is an important parameter for soil erosion risk assessment under future land use and climate change. Despite its importance, rainfall erosivity is usually implemented in models with a low spatial and temporal resolution. The purpose of this study is to assess the temporaland spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in form of the ...

Abstract The Eurasian winter and spring snow cover anomalies along with spring snowmelt have been considered as the important factors affecting the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in particular and the Asian summer monsoon rainfall in general. No previous study has been found in which the effects of Eurasian snow cover on the monsoon of Pakistan would have been analyzed. In this study authors tr...

The spatial application of crop simulation models need grid based spatially distributed input of rainfall. The global products of satellite based rainfall estimation can provide spatial maps on regular time basis and can be used as an input to crop models. An attempt has been made to validate the satellite derived NOAA CPC rainfall estimation with ground based measurements for year 2003 and 200...

Under conditions of high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil drying, restricting transpiration is an important avenue to gain efficiency in water use. The question we raise in this article is whether breeding for agro-ecological environments that differ for the rainfall have selected for traits that control plant water use. These are measured in pearl millet materials bred for zones varying i...