The relationship between antecedent rainfall and pollutant build-up is difficult to quantify, particularly in arid environments, due to the inherent unpredictability and natural variability in rainfall. To overcome this variability, a rainfall simulator was constructed to mimic storm events under controlled conditions. Simulated storm events at monthly intervals were used to measure increasing ...

Fast urbanization and industrialization in developing countries result in significant stormwater runoff pollution, due to drastic changes in land-use, from rural to urban. A three-year study on the stormwater runoff pollutant loading distributions of industrial, parking lot and mixed commercial and residential catchments was conducted in the Tongsha reservoir watershed of Dongguan city, a typic...

Distributed hydrological model can be divided into two parts, as runoff and the convergence. Runoff calculation is the basis of distributed hydrological model, its results will determine the accuracy of the simulation results directly. Rainfall is an important input of runoff calculation, thus its accuracy has special significance to runoff calculation. For most small watershed, now mainly rely...

Runoff constitutes one of the major water losses from agricultural fields in semi-arid areas. However, by adopting appropriate soil management practices, the runoff can be harnessed for improving crop yields. The main objective of this study was to quantify rainfall-runoff relationships under in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) using simulated rainfall, and to compare these results to those ob...

Multivariate statistics are commonly used to identify the factors that control the dynamics of runoff or sediment yields during hydrological processes. However, one issue with the use of conventional statistical methods to address relationships between variables and runoff or sediment yield is multicollinearity. The main objectives of this study were to apply a method for effectively identifyin...

Polyether ionophores, monensin, and salinomycin are commonly used as antiparasitic drugs in broiler production and may be present in broiler litter (bird excreta plus bedding material). Long-term application of broiler litter to pastures may lead to ionophore contamination of surface waters. Because polyether ionophores break down at low pH, we hypothesized that decreasing litter pH with an aci...

The rainfall-runoff relationship is one of the most complex hydrological phenomena. In recent years, hydrologists have successfully applied backpropagation neural network as a tool to model various nonlinear hydrological processes because of its ability to generalize patterns in imprecise or noisy and ambiguous input and output data sets. However, the backpropagation neural network convergence ...

Considering the importance of water and computing the amount of rainfall runoff resulted from precipitation in recent decades, using appropriate methods for predicting the amount of runoff from rainfall date has been really essential. Rainfall-runoff models are used to estimate runoff generated from precipitation in the catchment area. Rainfall-runoff process is totally a non-linear phenomenon....

BACKGROUND Diarrhea among children under 5 years of age has long been a major public health concern. Previous studies have suggested an association between rainfall and diarrhea. Here, we examined the association between Rwandan rainfall patterns and childhood diarrhea and the impact of household sanitation variables on this relationship. METHODS We derived a series of rain-related variables ...