Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in biochemical analysis to amplify DNA and RNA in vitro. The PCR process is highly temperature sensitive, and thermal management has an important role in PCR operation in reaching the required temperature set points at each step of the process. The goal of this research is to achieve a thermal technique to rapidly increase the heating/cooling therm...

The results of systematic investigations of the small-scale turbulence performed in dynamic fast current ramp up and lower hybrid (LH) heating experiments at FT-2 tokamak are reported. Both frequency and wave number (q) spectra are measured with correlative enhanced scattering diagnostics. It is found that during the dynamic discharge the turbulence component identified with the dissipative TEM...

AIMS Recent studies have demonstrated RAMP, a complete starter feed, to have beneficial effects for animal performance. However, how RAMP may elicit such responses is unknown. To understand if RAMP adaptation results in changes in the rumen bacterial community that can potentially affect animal performance, we investigated the dynamics of rumen bacterial community composition in corn-adapted an...

Structure functions are used to study the dissipation and inertial range scales of turbulent energy, to parametrize remote turbulence measurements, and to characterize ramp features in the turbulent field. Ramp features are associated with turbulent coherent structures, which dominate energy and mass fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer. The analysis of structure functions to identify ramp c...

This study presents a real-time crash prediction model and uses this model to investigate the effect of the local traffic-responsive ramp metering strategy on freeway safety. Safety benefits of ramp metering are quantified in terms of the reduced crash potential estimated by the real-time crash prediction model. Driver responses to ramp metering and the consequent traffic flow changes were obse...

The goal of the study is to collect a comprehensive set of freeway and on-ramp operational data for the assessment of ramp metering systems. This paper is a presentation of data and initial findings for vehicle operations on loop ramps; a small subset of the larger project. The results reported here focus on the changes in modal activity (e.g. speed/acceleration) that occurred on two of the stu...

Receptor activity modifying protein-3 (RAMP-3) has been shown to complex with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, establishing a functional receptor for adrenomedullin (AM). AM exhibits potent antiproliferative and antimigratory effects on rat mesangial cells (RMCs). In this study we investigated the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on RAMP-3 expression in RMCs. We show here t...

Three hundred six crossbred steers (703 ± 1 lb) were used to determine effects of adapting steers to a finishing diet using RAMP for 14 to 30 d on steer performance and carcass characteristics. RAMP treatments were compared to a traditional step-up procedure (CON) utilizing an initial concentration (DM-basis) of 32.5% steam-flaked corn (SFC), 45% alfalfa hay (ALF), 20% Sweet Bran, and 2.5% supp...

This paper presents a high-quality and area-efficient ramp generator to be used for on-chip testing of analog and mixed-signal circuits. An original adaptive scheme is developed to palliate the inaccuracy of a basic ramp generator. As a result, the proposed adaptive ramp generator exhibits very good performances in terms of slope precision and ramp linearity while maintaining a low area overhead.

PURPOSE Guidelines suggest that individualized ramp protocols with treadmill times targeted between 8 and 12 minutes are most suitable to estimate exercise capacity. However, previous methods to determine individualized ramp rates and comparisons between ramp and standardized protocols have been limited to clinically referred populations. METHODS Forty-three healthy volunteers [median (interq...