Ten field isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) from different geographical areas of Iran were analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). RAPD analysis produced reproducible banding patterns on the basis of which various distinct amplification patterns could be detected. MG isolates compared with reference strains (S6 and Mg SS) and vaccine strain (ts-11) and demonstrated...

sex determination in pistacia as a dioecious plant is economically desirable. identification of the male and female plants has a great value for pistacia yield production. in the present study, leaf samples from four female plants from cultivars of pistacia including akbary, akbar aghaei, fandoghi, and kalleh ghochi as well as male plants were used for rapd pcr amplification. among 32 primers w...

All hypocrealean species of the genus Geosmithia are anamorphic fungi with connections to bark beetles. G. fassatiae, G. langdonii and G. obscura are described as new sympatric species associated with Scolytus carpini, S. intricatus and S. rugulosus in Central Europe. The species represent a complex of three sister taxa with affinities to G. flava that may be distinguished by differences in mor...

Aspergilli known as black- and white-koji molds which are used for awamori, shochu, makgeolli and other food and beverage fermentations, are reported in the literature as A. luchuensis, A. awamori, A. kawachii, or A. acidus. In order to elucidate the taxonomic position of these species, available ex-type cultures were compared based on morphology and molecular characters. A. luchuensis, A. kawa...

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Natural and artificial hybrids represent an important source of material for developmental and evolutionary studies of urodeles. We review the available literature on hybrid salamanders, emphasizing the unique developmental insights that these organisms provide. Of particular interest is the application of new molecular tools to identify DNA markers for traditional characters in developmental r...