The orchid genus Oberonia Lindl., is a taxonomically complex genus characterized by recent species radiations and many closely related species. All Oberonia species are under conservation as listed in the CITES and the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Given its difficulties in taxonomy and conservation status, Oberonia is an excellent model for developing DNA barcodes. Three analytical me...

DNA barcoding is a fast-developing technique to identify species by using short and standard DNA sequences. Universal selection of DNA barcodes in ferns remains unresolved. In this study, five plastid regions (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and rps4-trnS) and eight nuclear regions (ITS, pgiC, gapC, LEAFY, ITS2, IBR3_2, DET1, and SQD1_1) were screened and evaluated in the fern genus Adiantum from...

Ascorbic acid (Asc) is a major antioxidant in plants that detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintains photosynthetic function. Expression of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), responsible for regenerating Asc from an oxidized state, regulates the cellular Asc redox state, which in turn affects cell responsiveness and tolerance to environmental ROS. Because of its role in Asc recyclin...

Melilotus, an annual or biennial herb, belongs to the tribe Trifolieae (Leguminosae) and consists of 19 species. As an important green manure crop, diverse Melilotus species have different values as feed and medicine. To identify different Melilotus species, we examined the efficiency of five candidate regions as barcodes, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two chloroplast loci...

The present study utilizes polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using partial plastid rbcL and mitochondrial trnC-trnP gene sequences to distinguish the six representative Pyropia species produced via mariculture in Korea. The rbcL, trnC, and trnP sequences of 15 Pyropia species from the NCBI database were aligned to determine specific restricti...

Dryobalanops belong to a member of Dipterocarpaceae, which has high economic value. Due illegal harvesting for its wood, the population tends decrease every year, so rapid conservation effort was needed. D. oblongifolia and lanceolata were important members dryobalanops, have listed as endangered (EN), according IUCN. This study aims provide information on DNA isolation amplification process. d...

Dryopteris blanfordii (C.Hope) C.Chr. is a member of the Dryopteridaceae, growing in high altitude Picea or Abies forests (2900-3500 m) in China and India. Phylogenetic relationships between D. blanfordii subsp. nigrosquamosa and closely related species of Dryopteris were investigated using a combined analysis of multiple molecular data sets (the protein-coding region of rbcL and matK genes and...

Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences demonstrate that Calliarthron as currently constituted is paraphyletic. Calliarthron yessoense and C. latissimum from the northwest Pacific belong in Alatocladia and are conspecific. After the transfer of C. yessoense and C. latissimum, Calliarthron is monophyletic, known only from the northeast Pacific and comprises two species, C. cheilosporioides and C...

In the cyanobacterial RuBisCO operon from Thermosynechococcus elongatus the rbcX gene is juxtaposed and cotranscribed with the rbcL and rbcS genes which encode large and small RuBisCO subunits, respectively. It has been suggested that the rbcX position is not random and that the RbcX protein could be a chaperone for RuBisCO. In this study, the RbcX protein from T. elongatus was overexpressed, p...

Functional constraints are often assumed to influence the performance of nucleotide characters in phylogenetic analysis: First and second codon positions and sites of structural importance are considered to show less homoplasy. We investigate the performance of rbcL characters with differential functional constraints in a cladistic analysis of the plant family Apocynaceae s.l. (Sennblad and Bre...