background: a reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediate produced during an inflammatory response is the important part of host-defense strategies of organ-isms to kill the parasite. however, it is not well known whether these intermediates cause dna damage and oxidative stress in goats infected with babesia ovis . the pur-pose of this study was to clarify the effects of babesiosis on basal leve...

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. TH is inhibited and nitrated at tyrosine residues in vitro by the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and in vivo by drugs that damage dopamine neurons. Tetrahydrobiopterin, which is the essential cofactor for TH and is concentrated in dopamine neur...

Homogeneous and inhomogeneous ignition modes of n-heptane were studied using high-speed imaging in a high-pressure shock tube (HPST). n-Heptane, fuel with strong negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior, was mixed 4%-21% oxygen argon or nitrogen ignited over wide range (700–1250 K) at elevated pressures (> 10 atm). Ultraviolet (UV) images OH* emission captured through sapphire shock-tube...

Over the past several decades, human activities have caused substantial enrichment of reactive nitrogen in China's coastal wetlands. Although anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), the process of oxidizing ammonium into dinitrogen gas through the reduction of nitrite, is identified as an important process for removing reactive nitrogen, little is known about the dynamics of anammox and its con...