AIM To evaluate the influence of reciprocating single-file instrumentation with different working lengths (WL) and apical preparation sizes on apical bacterial extrusion. METHODOLOGY Sixty-eight human single-rooted pre-molars were used. Conventional access cavities were prepared, and the root canals were contaminated with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension and incubated at 37°C for 30 days. ...

Introduction This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two activated irrigation techniques in removing the smear layer after single-file reciprocating instrumentation in curved canals. Materials and Methods Sixty distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were standardized to create a closed system, and then instrumented using WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in...

Abstract Background Radiographic analysis of tooth morphology is mandatory for accurate calibration the degree canal curvature angle and radiographic working length to its real dimensions in case difficulty assessment protocols. This study aimed determine impact root on maintaining original axis prepared canals using a reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique. Methods image was performed ...

Background: This study aimed to compare the continuous rotation and reciprocating movements of rotary files in achieving apical patency root canal retreatment. Materials Methods: vitro, experimental evaluated 64 extracted mandibular molars. The teeth were prepared up F3 with ProTaper Universal obturated using lateral compaction technique. divided into four groups (n = 16) based on mesiobuccal c...

CFCs, HCFCs are stipulated to phase out, and other alternative refrigerants like R134a, are also constrained as a result from their high GWP values. CO2 as a natural working fluid now is used in reciprocating compressors due to its uniquely beneficial properties (ozone depletion potential, ODP=0; global warming potential, GWP =1). However, one remarkable characteristics of the CO2 reciprocating...

Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially at vascular curvature and branch sites where the vessel walls are exposed to fluctuating shear stress and have high endothelial permeability. Endothelial permeability is modulated by intercellular adhesion molecules such as VE-cadherin. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of different flow patterns on the localization and expression of VE-cadhe...