objectives: during root canal preparation, apical extrusion of debris can cause inflammation, flare-ups, and delayed healing. therefore, instrumentation techniques that cause the least extrusion of debris are desirable. this study aimed to compare apical extrusion of debris by five single-file, full-sequence rotary and reciprocating systems. materials and methods: one hundred twenty human mandi...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare two nickel-titanium systems (rotary vs. reciprocating) for their acceptance by undergraduate students who experienced nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one sophomore dental students were first taught on manual root canal preparation with stainless-steel files. After that, they were instructed on the use o...

Internet peer-to-peer file sharing is a contemporary example of asymmetrical sharing in which “altruists” (file uploaders) share unconditionally with non-reciprocating “free riders” (file downloaders). Those who upload digital media files over the Internet risk prosecution for copyright infringement, and are more vulnerable to computer hackers and viruses. In an analysis of file-sharing behavio...

AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of extruded debris and irrigant associated with different single-file systems and one multiple-file system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five newly extracted single rooted primary canine teeth were used in this study. The root canals were instrumented using the reciprocating single-file system, the single-file rotary system and the mult...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to flexural fatigue of Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany), WaveOne Primary (VDW, Munich, Germany), Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy), and Twisted File (TF; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) instruments used in continuous rotation or in 2 different reciprocating motions. METHODS A total of 180 nickel-titanium files from 4 brands mar...

AIM To compare cyclic fatigue resistance of two geometrically similar nickel-titanium instruments, used in conditions similar to clinical use in reciprocating and continuous rotary motion. METHODOLOGY Four groups of eighteen instruments each, Reciproc(®) files sizes ISO 25 and 40 (R25 and R40) and Mtwo(®) files sizes ISO 25 and 40 (M25 and M40), were tested in reciprocating and continuous rot...

INTRODUCTION Many reciprocating file systems (RFs) have recently been introduced. This article reviews the properties, effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of the RFs. METHODS A PubMed electronic search was conducted by using appropriate key words to identify investigations on RFs. After retrieving the full-text relevant articles, the cross citations were also identified. RESULTS This revie...